PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
One of the most concerning global environmental issues is the pollution of agricultural soils by heavy metals (HMs), especially cadmium, which not only affects human health through Cd-containing foods but also impacts the quality of rice. The soil\'s nitrification and denitrification processes, coupled with the release of volatile organic compounds by plants, raise substantial concerns. In this review, we summarize the recent literature related to the deleterious effects of Cd on both soil processes related to the N cycle and rice quality, particularly aroma, in different water management practices. Under both continuous flooding (CF) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) conditions, cadmium has been observed to reduce both the nitrification and denitrification processes. The adverse effects are more pronounced in alternate wetting and drying (AWD) as compared to continuous flooding (CF). Similarly, the alteration in rice aroma is more significant in AWD than in CF. The precise modulation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by Cd remains unclear based on the available literature. Nevertheless, HM accumulation is higher in AWD conditions compared to CF, leading to a detrimental impact on volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The literature concludes that AWD practices should be avoided in Cd-contaminated fields to decrease accumulation and maintain the quality of the rice. In the future, rhizospheric engineering and plant biotechnology can be used to decrease the transport of HMs from the soil to the plant\'s edible parts.
摘要：
最令人担忧的全球环境问题之一是重金属（HM）对农业土壤的污染，尤其是镉,这不仅通过含镉食品影响人类健康，而且影响大米的品质。土壤的硝化和反硝化过程，再加上植物释放挥发性有机化合物，提出了实质性的担忧。在这次审查中,我们总结了与Cd对与氮素循环和稻米品质有关的土壤过程的有害影响有关的最新文献，特别是香气，在不同的水管理实践中。在连续驱油(CF)和交替润湿和干燥(AWD)条件下，已观察到镉可以减少硝化和反硝化过程。与连续驱油（CF）相比，交替润湿和干燥（AWD）的不利影响更为明显。同样，AWD中米香气的变化比CF中显着。根据现有文献，Cd对挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的精确调制仍不清楚。然而，与CF相比，AWD条件下的HM积累更高，导致对挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的有害影响。文献得出的结论是，应在Cd污染的田地中避免使用AWD做法，以减少积累并保持水稻的质量。在未来,根际工程和植物生物技术可用于减少HMs从土壤到植物可食用部分的运输。
