Abstract：
Despite recent advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer (BC), patient outcomes in terms of survival, recurrence, and disease progression remain suboptimal. A significant factor contributing to these challenges is the cellular heterogeneity within BC, particularly the presence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). These cells are thought to serve as the clonogenic nexus for new tumor growth, owing to their hierarchical organization within the tumor. This descriptive review focuses on the evolving strategies to target BCSCs, which have become a pivotal aspect of therapeutic development. We explore a variety of approaches, including targeting specific tumor surface markers (CD133 and CD44), transporters, heat shock proteins, and critical signaling pathways like Notch, Akt, Hedgehog, KLF4, and Wnt/β-catenin. Additionally, we discuss the modulation of the tumor microenvironment through the CXCR-12/CXCR4 axis, manipulation of pH levels, and targeting hypoxia-inducible factors, vascular endothelial growth factor, and CXCR1/2 receptors. Further, this review focuses on the roles of microRNA expression, strategies to induce apoptosis and differentiation in BCSCs, dietary interventions, dendritic cell vaccination, oncolytic viruses, nanotechnology, immunotherapy, and gene therapy. We particularly focused on studies reporting identification of BCSCs, their unique properties and the efficacy of various therapeutic modalities in targeting these cells. By dissecting these approaches, we aim to provide insights into the complex landscape of BC treatment and the potential pathways for improving patient outcomes through targeted BCSC therapies.
摘要：
尽管最近在乳腺癌（BC）的诊断和治疗方面取得了进展，患者在生存方面的结果，复发,和疾病进展仍然不理想。促成这些挑战的一个重要因素是BC内的细胞异质性，特别是乳腺癌干细胞（BCSC）的存在。这些细胞被认为是新肿瘤生长的克隆性联系，由于它们在肿瘤内的等级组织。这篇描述性综述侧重于针对BCSC的不断发展的策略，这已经成为治疗发展的关键方面。我们探索了多种方法，包括靶向特定的肿瘤表面标志物（CD133和CD44），运输商,热休克蛋白，和像Notch这样的关键信号通路，Akt,刺猬,KLF4和Wnt/β-连环蛋白。此外,我们讨论了通过CXCR-12/CXCR4轴对肿瘤微环境的调节，操纵pH值，靶向缺氧诱导因子，血管内皮生长因子，和CXCR1/2受体。Further,本文综述了microRNA表达的作用，诱导BCSCs凋亡和分化的策略，饮食干预，树突状细胞疫苗接种，溶瘤病毒，纳米技术,免疫疗法，和基因治疗。我们特别关注报告BCSC鉴定的研究，它们独特的特性和靶向这些细胞的各种治疗方式的功效。通过解剖这些方法，我们旨在深入了解BC治疗的复杂情况,以及通过靶向BCSC治疗改善患者预后的潜在途径.
