PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The mouse genome has a high degree of homology with the human genome, and its physiological, biochemical, and developmental regulation mechanisms are similar to those of humans; therefore, mice are widely used as experimental animals. However, it is undeniable that interspecies differences between humans and mice can lead to experimental errors. The differences in the immune system have become an important factor limiting current immunological research. The application of immunodeficient mice provides a possible solution to these problems. By transplanting human immune cells or tissues, such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells or hematopoietic stem cells, into immunodeficient mice, a human immune system can be reconstituted in the mouse body, and the engrafted immune cells can elicit human-specific immune responses. Researchers have been actively exploring the development and differentiation conditions of host recipient animals and grafts in order to achieve better immune reconstitution. Through genetic engineering methods, immunodeficient mice can be further modified to provide a favorable developmental and differentiation microenvironment for the grafts. From initially only being able to reconstruct single T lymphocyte lineages, it is now possible to reconstruct lymphoid and myeloid cells, providing important research tools for immunology-related studies. In this review, we compare the differences in immune systems of humans and mice, describe the development history of human immune reconstitution from the perspectives of immunodeficient mice and grafts, and discuss the latest advances in enhancing the efficiency of human immune cell reconstitution, aiming to provide important references for immunological related researches.
摘要：
小鼠基因组与人类基因组具有高度的同源性，和它的生理，生物化学，和发育调节机制与人类相似；因此，小鼠被广泛用作实验动物。然而,不可否认，人类和小鼠之间的种间差异会导致实验错误。免疫系统的差异已成为限制当前免疫学研究的重要因素。免疫缺陷小鼠的应用为这些问题提供了可能的解决方案。通过移植人体免疫细胞或组织，如外周血单核细胞或造血干细胞，免疫缺陷小鼠，人类免疫系统可以在小鼠体内重建，移植的免疫细胞可以引发人类特异性免疫反应。研究人员一直在积极探索宿主受体动物和移植物的发育和分化条件，以实现更好的免疫重建。通过基因工程方法,可以进一步修饰免疫缺陷小鼠，为移植物提供有利的发育和分化微环境。从最初只能重建单个T淋巴细胞谱系，现在有可能重建淋巴和骨髓细胞，为免疫学相关研究提供重要的研究工具。在这次审查中,我们比较了人类和小鼠免疫系统的差异，从免疫缺陷小鼠和移植物的角度描述人类免疫重建的发展历史，并讨论了提高人类免疫细胞重建效率的最新进展，旨在为免疫学相关研究提供重要参考。
