Abstract：
Latent fingerprints at crime scenes are frequently recovered using forensic gel-lifters, which can help to preserve the crime scene and to enhance visualisation of traces such as blood or paint. In addition to providing fingerprint ridge detail, additional chemical information can also be recovered from gel lifts that may prove pertinent to an investigation. However, while DNA and metal ions have been shown to be able to be detected in gel-lifted fingerprints, the determination of other types of chemical information such as the presence of drugs in gel-lifted prints has not been previously shown. This study demonstrates the application of an ambient ionisation method, sheath flow probe electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (sfPESI-MS), to the direct analysis of gel-lifted fingerprints. A model drug compound (zolpidem) is successfully detected from gel-lifted prints from three different surface types: glass, metal, and paper. The surface activity-based separation associated with probe electrospray approaches is shown to resolve zolpidem ions from background phthalate species, significantly enhancing the response obtained from the gel-lifter. A depletion series experiment shows that the drug residue can be detected with up to 100% efficiency after eight consecutive contacts; however, detection efficiency drops to 20% after 30 contacts. The developed approach has potential application to analysis of historical gel-lifters to obtain additional chemical information.
摘要：
犯罪现场的潜在指纹经常使用法医凝胶升降器来恢复，这有助于保护犯罪现场，并增强血液或油漆等痕迹的可视化。除了提供指纹脊细节，还可以从凝胶升降机中恢复其他化学信息，这些信息可能与调查有关。然而,虽然DNA和金属离子已经被证明能够在凝胶提升指纹中被检测到，以前没有显示其他类型的化学信息的确定，例如凝胶提升印刷品中药物的存在。这项研究证明了环境电离方法的应用，鞘流探针电喷雾电离质谱(sfPESI-MS),直接分析凝胶提升指纹。一种模型药物化合物（唑吡坦）从三种不同的表面类型的凝胶提升打印成功检测到：玻璃，金属,和纸。与探针电喷雾方法相关的基于表面活性的分离被证明可以从背景邻苯二甲酸盐物种中解析唑吡坦离子，显着增强从凝胶升降器获得的响应。耗竭系列实验表明，在连续8次接触后，药物残留的检测效率高达100%；然而，30次接触后，检测效率降至20%。所开发的方法具有潜在的应用于分析历史凝胶提升机以获得其他化学信息。
