Abstract：
Ladakh, one of the highest inhabited regions globally, hosts the unique Changthangi goat, renowned for producing Pashmina, the world\'s most luxurious natural fiber. In comparison, the fiber derived from Changthangi sheep is considered next only to Pashmina. This research endeavors to compare the skin transcriptome profiles of Changthangi goats and Changthangi sheep, aiming to discern the molecular determinants behind the recognition of Changthangi goats as the source of Pashmina. Drawing upon previously conducted studies, a collective of 225 genes correlated with fiber characteristics were extracted from the differentially expressed genes noticed between the two species (p-value of ≤ 0.05 and a log2 fold change of ≥ 1.5). These genes were analyzed using DAVID software to understand their biological functions and to identify enriched KEGG and Reactome pathways. The protein-protein interaction networks were constructed using Cytoscape, cytoHubba, and STRING to focus on key genes and infer their biological significance. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed significantly higher expression of genes involved in signaling pathways like Wnt, MAPK, PI3K-Akt, Hedgehog, associated with fiber development and quality in Changthangi goats. These pathways play crucial roles in hair follicle (HF) formation, maintenance of epidermal stem cells, and fiber characteristics. Findings also highlight the enrichment of cell adhesion molecules and ECM-receptor interaction, emphasizing their roles in HF structure, growth, and signaling. This investigation offers an in-depth understanding of the molecular intricacies governing Pashmina production in Changthangi goats, providing valuable insights into their unique genetic makeup and underlying mechanisms influencing the exceptional quality of Pashmina fibers.
摘要：
拉达克,全球人口最多的地区之一，寄托着独特的长唐山羊，以生产Pashmina而闻名，世界上最奢华的天然纤维。相比之下,来自长唐吉绵羊的纤维被认为仅次于Pashmina。本研究试图比较长唐山羊和长唐绵羊的皮肤转录组概况，旨在辨别将长唐山羊识别为Pashmina来源的分子决定因素。借鉴以前进行的研究，从两个物种之间发现的差异表达基因中提取了225个与纤维特征相关的基因集合（p值≤0.05，log2倍变化≥1.5）。使用DAVID软件分析这些基因以了解其生物学功能并鉴定富集的KEGG和Reactome途径。使用Cytoscape构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络，cytoHubba,和STRING专注于关键基因并推断其生物学意义。比较转录组分析显示，与Wnt等信号通路相关的基因表达明显更高，MAPK,PI3K-Akt,刺猬,与长唐山羊纤维发育和品质相关。这些途径在毛囊（HF）形成中起着至关重要的作用，维持表皮干细胞，和纤维特性。研究结果还强调了细胞粘附分子和ECM-受体相互作用的富集，强调它们在HF结构中的作用，增长,和信号。这项调查提供了对控制长唐山羊Pashmina生产的分子复杂性的深入了解，提供对其独特的遗传构成和影响Pashmina纤维卓越品质的潜在机制的有价值的见解。
