Abstract：
Membraneless organelles (MLOs) formed by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) have been extensively studied due to their spatiotemporal control of biochemical and cellular processes in living cells. These findings have provided valuable insights into the physicochemical principles underlying the formation and functionalization of biomolecular condensates, which paves the way for the development of versatile phase-separating systems capable of addressing a variety of application scenarios. Here, we highlight the potential of constructing synthetic MLOs with programmable and functional properties. Notably, we organize how these synthetic membraneless compartments have been capitalized to manipulate enzymatic activities and metabolic reactions. The aim of this review is to inspire readerships to deeply comprehend the widespread roles of synthetic MLOs in the regulation enzymatic reactions and control of metabolic processes, and to encourage the rational design of controllable and functional membraneless compartments for a broad range of bioengineering applications.
摘要：
通过液-液相分离（LLPS）形成的无膜细胞器（MLO）由于对活细胞中生化和细胞过程的时空控制而得到了广泛的研究。这些发现为生物分子缩合物的形成和功能化的物理化学原理提供了宝贵的见解，这为开发能够解决各种应用场景的通用相分离系统铺平了道路。这里,我们强调了构建具有可编程和功能特性的合成MLO的潜力。值得注意的是,我们组织了这些合成无膜隔室如何被利用来操纵酶活性和代谢反应。这篇综述的目的是激发读者深刻理解合成MLO在调节酶促反应和代谢过程控制中的广泛作用，并鼓励合理设计可控和功能性无膜隔室，用于广泛的生物工程应用。
