Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The perforator flap has garnered significant interest since its inception due to its advantage of not needing a vascular network at the deep fascial level. Perforator flaps are commonly utilized in different flap transplant surgeries, and the thigh flap is presently the most widely used perforator flap. Is it possible for the calf to replace the thigh as a more suitable site for harvesting materials? Currently, there is a lack of relevant anatomical research. This study aims to address this question from an anatomical and imaging perspective.
METHODS: This study used cadavers to observe the branches and courses of perforators on the calf and the distribution of skin branches using microdissection techniques, digital X-ray photography, and micro-computed tomography techniques.
RESULTS: The perforators had three main branches: the vertical cutaneous branch, the oblique cutaneous branch, and the superficial fascial branch. The superficial fascial branch traveled in the superficial fascia and connected with the nearby perforators. The vertical and oblique cutaneous branches entered the subdermal layer and connected with each other to create the subdermal vascular network.
CONCLUSIONS: We observed an intact calf cutaneous branch chain between the cutaneous nerve and the perforator of the infrapopliteal main artery at the superficial vein site. Utilizing this anatomical structure, the calfskin branch has the potential to serve as a substitute for thigh skin flap transplantation and may be applied to perforator flap transplantation in more locations.
METHODS: This study used cadavers to observe the branches and courses of perforators on the calf and the distribution of skin branches using microdissection techniques, digital X-ray photography, and micro-computed tomography techniques.
RESULTS: The perforators had three main branches: the vertical cutaneous branch, the oblique cutaneous branch, and the superficial fascial branch. The superficial fascial branch traveled in the superficial fascia and connected with the nearby perforators. The vertical and oblique cutaneous branches entered the subdermal layer and connected with each other to create the subdermal vascular network.
CONCLUSIONS: We observed an intact calf cutaneous branch chain between the cutaneous nerve and the perforator of the infrapopliteal main artery at the superficial vein site. Utilizing this anatomical structure, the calfskin branch has the potential to serve as a substitute for thigh skin flap transplantation and may be applied to perforator flap transplantation in more locations.
摘要：
背景：穿支皮瓣由于其在深筋膜水平不需要血管网络的优势，自成立以来就引起了人们的极大兴趣。穿支皮瓣通常用于不同的皮瓣移植手术，大腿皮瓣是目前应用最广泛的穿支皮瓣。小腿是否有可能取代大腿作为更适合收获材料的地点？目前，缺乏相关的解剖学研究。本研究旨在从解剖学和影像学角度解决这个问题。
方法：这项研究使用尸体，使用显微解剖技术观察小腿上穿孔器的分支和走向以及皮肤分支的分布，数字X射线摄影，和微型计算机断层扫描技术。
结果：穿孔器有三个主要分支：垂直皮肤分支，斜皮肤分支，和浅筋膜分支。浅筋膜分支在浅筋膜中行进，并与附近的穿孔器相连。垂直和倾斜的皮肤分支进入真皮下层并相互连接以形成真皮下血管网。
结论：我们观察到在浅静脉部位的皮神经和膝下主干动脉穿支之间有一条完整的小腿皮肤分支链。利用这种解剖结构，小牛皮分支有可能替代大腿皮瓣移植，并可能在更多位置应用于穿支皮瓣移植。
方法：这项研究使用尸体，使用显微解剖技术观察小腿上穿孔器的分支和走向以及皮肤分支的分布，数字X射线摄影，和微型计算机断层扫描技术。
结果：穿孔器有三个主要分支：垂直皮肤分支，斜皮肤分支，和浅筋膜分支。浅筋膜分支在浅筋膜中行进，并与附近的穿孔器相连。垂直和倾斜的皮肤分支进入真皮下层并相互连接以形成真皮下血管网。
结论：我们观察到在浅静脉部位的皮神经和膝下主干动脉穿支之间有一条完整的小腿皮肤分支链。利用这种解剖结构，小牛皮分支有可能替代大腿皮瓣移植，并可能在更多位置应用于穿支皮瓣移植。
