Abstract：
Terpenoids have long been known to originate from natural sources. However, there is growing evidence for emissions from anthropogenic activities in cities, in particular from the production, manufacturing, and use of household solvents. Here, as part of the DATAbASE (Do Anthropogenic Terpenoids mAtter in AtmoSpheric chEmistry?) project, we investigate for the first time the potential role of industrial activities on the terpenoid burden in the urban atmosphere. This study is based on continuous VOC observations from an intensive field campaign conducted in July 2014 at an industrial-urban background site located in Dunkirk, Northern France. More than 80 VOCs including oxygenated and terpenoid compounds were measured by on-line Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography with a Flame Ionization Detection (TD-GC-FID) and Proton Transfer Reaction-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToFMS). Isoprene, α-pinene, limonene and the sum of monoterpenes were the terpenoids detected at average mixing ratios of 0.02 ± 0.02 ppbv, 0.02 ± 0.02 ppbv, 0.01 ± 0.01 ppbv and 0.03 ± 0.05 ppbv, respectively. Like other anthropogenic VOCs, the mixing ratios of terpenoids significantly increase downwind the industrial plumes by one order of magnitude. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was performed to identify the different emission sources of VOCs and their contribution. Six factors out of the eight factors extracted (r2 = 0.95) are related to industrial emissions such as solvent use, chemical and agrochemical storage, metallurgy, petrochemical, and coal-fired industrial activities. From the correlations between the industrial-type PMF factors, sulfur dioxide, and terpenoids, we determined their emissions ratios and we quantified for the first time their industrial emissions. The highest emission ratio is related to the alkene-dominated factor and is related to petrochemical, metallurgical and coal-fired industrial activities. The industrial emissions of monoterpenes equal 8.1 ± 4.3 tons/year. Those emissions are as significant as the non-industrialized anthropogenic ones estimated for the Paris megacity.
摘要：
长期以来已知萜类化合物源自天然来源。然而,越来越多的证据表明城市人为活动的排放，特别是从生产中，制造,和使用家用溶剂。这里,作为DATABASE（AtmoSphericchEmistry中的人为萜类化合物？）项目的一部分，我们首次调查了工业活动对城市大气中萜类物质负担的潜在作用。本研究基于2014年7月在敦刻尔克的工业-城市背景现场进行的密集现场活动的连续VOC观测结果。法国北部。通过具有火焰电离检测的在线热脱附气相色谱法（TD-GC-FID）和质子转移反应-飞行时间质谱法（PTR-ToFMS）测量了80多种VOC，包括含氧化合物和萜类化合物。异戊二烯,α-pine烯,柠檬烯和单萜的总和是在平均混合比为0.02±0.02ppbv时检测到的萜类化合物，0.02±0.02ppbv，0.01±0.01ppbv和0.03±0.05ppbv，分别。像其他人为挥发性有机化合物一样，萜类化合物的混合比例显着增加顺风工业羽流一个数量级。进行正矩阵分解（PMF）以识别VOC的不同排放源及其贡献。提取的8个因素中的6个因素(r2=0.95)与溶剂使用等工业排放有关,化学品和农用化学品储存，冶金,石化，和燃煤工业活动。从工业型PMF因素之间的相关性来看，二氧化硫,和萜类化合物，我们确定了它们的排放比率，并首次量化了它们的工业排放。最高排放比与烯烃主导因素有关，与石化有关，冶金和燃煤工业活动。单萜的工业排放量等于8.1±4.3吨/年。这些排放量与巴黎大城市的非工业化人为排放量一样重要。
