Abstract：
While hydrocelectomy is the gold-standard for treating hydroceles, it poses an increased risk to patients and a greater burden to the healthcare system. Sclerotherapy is an alternative treatment for hydroceles that involves injecting a sclerosant into the hydrocele under ultrasound guidance. This literature review aimed to assess the types of sclerosants used and how sclerotherapy compares to hydrocelectomy. A literature search was conducted of MEDLINE and EMBASE using the terms \"sclerotherapy\" and \"hydrocelectomy,\" which yielded 1058 studies, of which 29 met the inclusion criteria. Only studies published after 2000 were included to ensure the most recent information was reviewed. The results showed hydrocele sclerotherapy is done using a variety of sclerosants. The most used agents are polidocanol, phenol, and STS. Of these, phenol had the highest clinical success rate of 96.5%. There was evidence for the use of atypical agents, such as tetracycline antibiotics, which yielded cure rates up to 93%, and alcohol, which was found to be especially useful for treating multiseptated hydroceles. The results comparing sclerotherapy to hydrocelectomy indicated hydrocelectomy to be a more effective method in completely curing hydroceles. However, this came at the cost of more complications. Additionally, sclerotherapy was found to be more advantageous for secondary outcomes, such as healthcare costs and burden to patients. In conclusion, this review shows that while hydrocelectomy is more effective, sclerotherapy is a valuable alternative for treating hydroceles. Due to the lack of standardization among studies, a definitive conclusion cannot be made regarding which sclerosant is best to use.
摘要：
虽然子宫积液切除术是治疗鞘膜积液的金标准，它给患者带来了更大的风险，给医疗保健系统带来了更大的负担。硬化疗法是鞘膜积液的一种替代治疗方法，包括在超声引导下将硬化剂注入鞘膜积液。这篇文献综述旨在评估使用的硬化剂的类型以及硬化疗法与液压切除术的比较。使用术语“硬化疗法”和“液压切除术”对MEDLINE和EMBASE进行了文献检索，“产生了1058项研究，其中29人符合纳入标准。仅包括2000年以后发表的研究，以确保审查最新信息。结果表明，使用多种硬化剂进行鞘膜积液硬化治疗。最常用的药物是脊髓灰质炎，苯酚,STS。其中,苯酚的临床成功率最高,为96.5%。有证据表明使用了非典型药物，比如四环素类抗生素,治愈率高达93%，酒精,这被发现是特别有用的治疗多层鞘膜积液。将硬化疗法与房水切除术进行比较的结果表明，房水切除术是完全治愈房水的更有效方法。然而,这是以更多的并发症为代价的。此外,硬化治疗对次要结局更有利，如医疗费用和患者负担。总之,这篇综述表明，虽然子宫内膜切除术更有效，硬化疗法是治疗鞘膜积液的一种有价值的替代方法。由于研究之间缺乏标准化，关于哪种硬化剂最适合使用，无法得出明确的结论。
