PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is increasingly well informed with regard to headache disorders, but sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains one of the large regions of the world with limited data directly derived from population-based studies. The Global Campaign against Headache has conducted three studies in this region: Ethiopia in the east, Zambia in the south and Cameroon in Central SSA. Here we report a similar study in Benin, the first from West SSA.
METHODS: We used the same methods and questionnaire, applying cluster-randomized sampling in three regions of the country, randomly selecting households in each region, visiting these unannounced and randomly selecting one adult member (aged 18-65 years) of each household. The HARDSHIP structured questionnaire, translated into Central African French, was administered face-to-face by trained interviewers. Demographic enquiry was followed by diagnostic questions based on ICHD-3 criteria.
RESULTS: From 2,550 households with eligible members, we recruited 2,400 participants (participating proportion 94.1%). Headache ever was reported by almost all (95.2%), this being the lifetime prevalence. Headache in the last year was reported by 74.9%. Age-, gender- and habitation-adjusted estimates of 1-year prevalence were 72.9% for all headache, 21.2% for migraine (including definite and probable), 43.1% for TTH (also including definite and probable), 4.5% for probable medication-overuse (pMOH) and 3.1% for other headache on ≥ 15 days/month. One-day (point) prevalence of headache was 14.8% according to reported headache on the day preceding interview.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these findings are evidence that headache disorders are very common in Benin, a low-income country. The prevalence of pMOH, well above the estimated global mean of 1-2%, is evidence that poverty is not a bar to medication overuse. The findings are very much the same as those in a similar study in its near neighbour, Cameroon. With regard to migraine, they are reasonably in accord with two of three earlier studies in selected Beninese populations, which did not take account of probable migraine. This study adds to the hitherto limited knowledge of headache in SSA.
METHODS: We used the same methods and questionnaire, applying cluster-randomized sampling in three regions of the country, randomly selecting households in each region, visiting these unannounced and randomly selecting one adult member (aged 18-65 years) of each household. The HARDSHIP structured questionnaire, translated into Central African French, was administered face-to-face by trained interviewers. Demographic enquiry was followed by diagnostic questions based on ICHD-3 criteria.
RESULTS: From 2,550 households with eligible members, we recruited 2,400 participants (participating proportion 94.1%). Headache ever was reported by almost all (95.2%), this being the lifetime prevalence. Headache in the last year was reported by 74.9%. Age-, gender- and habitation-adjusted estimates of 1-year prevalence were 72.9% for all headache, 21.2% for migraine (including definite and probable), 43.1% for TTH (also including definite and probable), 4.5% for probable medication-overuse (pMOH) and 3.1% for other headache on ≥ 15 days/month. One-day (point) prevalence of headache was 14.8% according to reported headache on the day preceding interview.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these findings are evidence that headache disorders are very common in Benin, a low-income country. The prevalence of pMOH, well above the estimated global mean of 1-2%, is evidence that poverty is not a bar to medication overuse. The findings are very much the same as those in a similar study in its near neighbour, Cameroon. With regard to migraine, they are reasonably in accord with two of three earlier studies in selected Beninese populations, which did not take account of probable migraine. This study adds to the hitherto limited knowledge of headache in SSA.
摘要：
背景：全球疾病负担（GBD）研究越来越了解头痛疾病，但撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）仍然是世界上较大的地区之一，直接来自基于人群的研究的数据有限。全球防治头痛运动在该地区进行了三项研究：东部的埃塞俄比亚，南部的赞比亚和中部的喀麦隆。在这里，我们报道了贝宁的一项类似研究，第一个来自西SSA。
方法：我们使用了相同的方法和问卷，在全国三个地区应用整群随机抽样，随机选择每个地区的家庭，访问这些未经许可，并随机选择每个家庭的一名成年成员（年龄在18-65岁）。HARDSHIP结构化问卷，翻译成中非法语，由训练有素的面试官进行面对面的管理。人口调查之后是基于ICHD-3标准的诊断问题。
结果：来自2,550个具有合格成员的家庭，我们招募了2,400名参与者(参与比例94.1%).几乎所有人都报告过头痛（95.2％），这是终生患病率。去年头痛的比例为74.9%。年龄-,所有头痛的1年患病率的性别和居住调整估计为72.9%，21.2％用于偏头痛（包括明确和可能），TTH的43.1%(也包括确定的和可能的)，4.5％用于可能的药物过度使用（pMOH），3.1％用于≥15天/月的其他头痛。根据访谈前一天报告的头痛，头痛的一天（点）患病率为14.8％。
结论：总体而言，这些发现证明头痛在贝宁很常见，低收入国家。pMOH的患病率,远高于估计的1-2%的全球平均值，有证据表明，贫困不是药物过度使用的障碍。这些发现与近邻的类似研究中的发现非常相似，喀麦隆。关于偏头痛,它们与在选定的贝宁人群中进行的三项早期研究中的两项合理地一致，这没有考虑到可能的偏头痛。这项研究增加了迄今为止对SSA头痛的有限知识。
方法：我们使用了相同的方法和问卷，在全国三个地区应用整群随机抽样，随机选择每个地区的家庭，访问这些未经许可，并随机选择每个家庭的一名成年成员（年龄在18-65岁）。HARDSHIP结构化问卷，翻译成中非法语，由训练有素的面试官进行面对面的管理。人口调查之后是基于ICHD-3标准的诊断问题。
结果：来自2,550个具有合格成员的家庭，我们招募了2,400名参与者(参与比例94.1%).几乎所有人都报告过头痛（95.2％），这是终生患病率。去年头痛的比例为74.9%。年龄-,所有头痛的1年患病率的性别和居住调整估计为72.9%，21.2％用于偏头痛（包括明确和可能），TTH的43.1%(也包括确定的和可能的)，4.5％用于可能的药物过度使用（pMOH），3.1％用于≥15天/月的其他头痛。根据访谈前一天报告的头痛，头痛的一天（点）患病率为14.8％。
结论：总体而言，这些发现证明头痛在贝宁很常见，低收入国家。pMOH的患病率,远高于估计的1-2%的全球平均值，有证据表明，贫困不是药物过度使用的障碍。这些发现与近邻的类似研究中的发现非常相似，喀麦隆。关于偏头痛,它们与在选定的贝宁人群中进行的三项早期研究中的两项合理地一致，这没有考虑到可能的偏头痛。这项研究增加了迄今为止对SSA头痛的有限知识。
