Abstract：
CONCLUSIONS: A chromosome fragment influencing wheat heading and grain size was identified using mapping of m406 mutant. The study of TaFPF1 in this fragment provides more insights into wheat yield improvement. In recent years, wheat production has faced formidable challenges driven by rapid population growth and climate change, emphasizing the importance of improving specific agronomic traits such as heading date, spike length, and grain size. To identify potential genes for improving these traits, we screened a wheat EMS mutant library and identified a mutant, designated m406, which exhibited a significantly delayed heading date compared to the wild-type. Intriguingly, the mutant also displayed significantly longer spike and larger grain size. Genetic analysis revealed that a single recessive gene was responsible for the delayed heading. Surprisingly, a large 46.58 Mb deletion at the terminal region of chromosome arm 2DS in the mutant was identified through fine mapping and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Thus, the phenotypes of the mutant m406 are controlled by a group of linked genes. This deletion encompassed 917 annotated high-confidence genes, including the previously studied wheat genes Ppd1 and TaDA1, which could affect heading date and grain size. Multiple genes in this region probably contribute to the phenotypes of m406. We further investigated the function of TaFPF1 using gene editing. TaFPF1 knockout mutants showed delayed heading and increased grain size. Moreover, we identified the direct upstream gene of TaFPF1 and investigated its relationship with other important flowering genes. Our study not only identified more genes affecting heading and grain development within this deleted region but also highlighted the potential of combining these genes for improvement of wheat traits.
摘要：
结论：使用m406突变体作图鉴定了影响小麦抽穗和籽粒大小的染色体片段。该片段中TaFPF1的研究为小麦产量的提高提供了更多的见解。近年来,在人口快速增长和气候变化的推动下，小麦生产面临着巨大的挑战，强调改善特定农艺性状如抽穗期的重要性，穗长,和晶粒尺寸。为了确定改善这些性状的潜在基因，我们筛选了小麦EMS突变体库，并鉴定了一个突变体，命名为m406，与野生型相比，其抽穗期明显延迟。有趣的是，突变体还显示出明显更长的穗和更大的晶粒尺寸。遗传分析表明，单个隐性基因是导致抽穗延迟的原因。令人惊讶的是,通过精细作图和荧光原位杂交鉴定了突变体中染色体臂2DS末端区域的46.58Mb大缺失。因此，突变m406的表型由一组连锁基因控制。此缺失包含917个注释的高置信度基因，包括先前研究的小麦基因Ppd1和TaDA1，这可能会影响抽穗期和籽粒大小。该区域中的多个基因可能有助于m406的表型。我们使用基因编辑进一步研究了TaFPF1的功能。TaFPF1敲除突变体显示出延迟的抽穗和增加的晶粒尺寸。此外，我们确定了TaFPF1的直接上游基因，并研究了其与其他重要开花基因的关系。我们的研究不仅在该缺失区域内确定了更多影响抽穗和谷物发育的基因，而且还强调了将这些基因组合在一起以改善小麦性状的潜力。
