PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Insertion sequence (IS) elements are mobile genetic elements in bacterial genomes that support adaptation. We developed a database of IS elements coupled to a computational pipeline that identifies IS element insertions in the microbiota. We discovered that diverse IS elements insert into the genomes of intestinal bacteria regardless of human host lifestyle. These insertions target bacterial accessory genes that aid in their adaptation to unique environmental conditions. Using IS expansion in Bacteroides, we show that IS activity leads to the insertion of \"hot spots\" in accessory genes. We show that IS insertions are stable and can be transferred between humans. Extreme environmental perturbations force IS elements to fall out of the microbiota, and many fail to rebound following homeostasis. Our work shows that IS elements drive bacterial genome diversification within the microbiota and establishes a framework for understanding how strain-level variation within the microbiota impacts human health.
摘要：
插入序列(IS)元件是细菌基因组中支持适应的可移动遗传元件。我们开发了一个IS元素数据库，该数据库与一个计算管道相结合，可以识别微生物群中的IS元素插入。我们发现，无论人类宿主的生活方式如何，不同的IS元素都会插入肠道细菌的基因组中。这些插入靶向帮助其适应独特环境条件的细菌辅助基因。利用拟杆菌中的IS扩展，我们表明IS活性导致在辅助基因中插入“热点”。我们证明IS插入是稳定的，可以在人之间转移。极端的环境扰动迫使IS元素脱离微生物群，许多人在稳态后无法反弹。我们的工作表明，IS元件驱动微生物群内的细菌基因组多样化，并建立了一个框架来理解微生物群内的菌株水平变化如何影响人类健康。
