PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Understanding the characteristics and structure of populations is fundamental to comprehending ecosystem processes and evolutionary adaptations. While the study of animal and plant populations has spanned a few centuries, microbial populations have been under scientific scrutiny for a considerably shorter period. In the ocean, analyzing the genetic composition of microbial populations and their adaptations to multiple niches can yield important insights into ecosystem function and the microbiome\'s response to global change. However, microbial populations have remained elusive to the scientific community due to the challenges associated with isolating microorganisms in the laboratory. Today, advancements in large-scale metagenomics and metatranscriptomics facilitate the investigation of populations from many uncultured microbial species directly from their habitats. The knowledge acquired thus far reveals substantial genetic diversity among various microbial species, showcasing distinct patterns of population differentiation and adaptations, and highlighting the significant role of selection in structuring populations. In the coming years, population genomics is expected to significantly increase our understanding of the architecture and functioning of the ocean microbiome, providing insights into its vulnerability or resilience in the face of ongoing global change. Video Abstract.
摘要：
了解种群的特征和结构对于理解生态系统过程和进化适应至关重要。虽然对动植物种群的研究已经跨越了几个世纪，微生物种群受到科学审查的时间相当短。在海洋中，分析微生物种群的遗传组成及其对多个生态位的适应可以对生态系统功能和微生物群对全球变化的反应产生重要的见解。然而,由于与在实验室中分离微生物相关的挑战，微生物种群对科学界来说仍然难以捉摸。今天,大规模宏基因组学和超转录组学的进步促进了直接从其栖息地对许多未培养的微生物物种进行种群调查。迄今为止获得的知识揭示了各种微生物物种之间的大量遗传多样性，展示了不同的人口分化和适应模式，并强调了选择在构建种群中的重要作用。在未来的几年里，人口基因组学预计将大大增加我们对海洋微生物组的结构和功能的理解，在面对持续的全球变化时，提供有关其脆弱性或复原力的见解。视频摘要。
