PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Opioids such as heroin, fentanyl, raw opium, and morphine have become a serious threat to the world population in the recent past, due to their increasing use and abuse. The detection of these drugs in biological samples is usually carried out by spectroscopic and/or chromatographic techniques, but the need for quick, sensitive, selective, and low-cost new analytical tools has pushed the development of new methods based on selective nanosensors, able to meet these requirements. Modern sensors, which utilize \"next-generation\" technologies like nanotechnology, have revolutionized drug detection methods, due to easiness of use, their low cost, and their high sensitivity and reliability, allowing the detection of opioids at trace levels in raw, pharmaceutical, and biological samples (e.g. blood, urine, saliva, and other biological fluids). The peculiar characteristics of these sensors not only have allowed on-site analyses (in the field, at the crime scene, etc.) but also they are nowadays replacing the gold standard analytical methods in the laboratory, even if a proper method validation is still required. This paper reviews advances in the field of nanotechnology and nanosensors for the detection of commonly abused opioids both prescribed (i.e. codeine and morphine) and illegal narcotics (i.e. heroin and fentanyl analogues).
摘要：
阿片类药物如海洛因,芬太尼,生鸦片,吗啡最近已经成为世界人口的严重威胁，由于其使用和滥用的增加。生物样品中这些药物的检测通常通过光谱和/或色谱技术进行,但是需要快速，敏感,选择性,低成本的新分析工具推动了基于选择性纳米传感器的新方法的发展，能够满足这些要求。现代传感器,利用纳米技术等“下一代”技术，彻底改变了药物检测方法，由于易于使用，他们的低成本，以及它们的高灵敏度和高可靠性，允许检测原始痕量阿片类药物，Pharmaceutical,和生物样本(例如血液，尿液,唾液,和其他生物流体)。这些传感器的独特特性不仅允许现场分析(在现场，在犯罪现场,等。)而且他们现在正在取代实验室的黄金标准分析方法，即使仍然需要适当的方法验证。本文回顾了纳米技术和纳米传感器领域的进展，用于检测处方（即可待因和吗啡）和非法麻醉品（即海洛因和芬太尼类似物）的常用滥用阿片类药物。
