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Abstract：
Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus in the genus Histoplasma. Histoplasmosis is overlooked in China. This study aims to provide an epidemiological and clinical update on histoplasmosis in China by literature review. We reviewed cases of histoplasmosis reported in recent 11 years and described a case of histoplasmosis-triggered hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in an immunocompetent patient. A total of 225 cases of histoplasmosis diagnosed in China between 2012 and 2022 were involved in this study, compared with 300 cases reviewed from 1990 to 2011, an increasing number of cases of histoplasmosis have been diagnosed in the last 11 years. The majority of cases of histoplasmosis were autochthonous cases, mainly from provinces Sichuan (56/225, 24.9%), Hunan (50/225, 22.2%), Guangdong (31/225, 13.8%), and Yunnan (24/225, 10.7%). Higher incidence (52.5%, 53/99) of histoplasmosis occurred in immunocompetent patients which is similar to those from the previous 21 years, and the prevalence of the disease did not vary highly over time. Of note, the number of histoplasmosis cases is increasing, and the geographic distribution is shifting southwards over time. Improved awareness is critically important for informing clinical practice in China.
摘要：
组织胞浆菌病是由组织胞浆菌属中的双态真菌引起的全身性真菌病。组织胞浆菌病在中国被忽视。本研究旨在通过文献综述提供中国组织胞浆菌病的流行病学和临床最新信息。我们回顾了近11年报道的组织胞浆菌病病例，并描述了一名具有免疫能力的患者中组织胞浆菌病触发的噬血细胞淋巴组织细胞增生症（HLH）的病例。本研究共涉及2012年至2022年在中国诊断的225例组织胞浆菌病，与1990年至2011年回顾的300例病例相比，在过去11年中，越来越多的组织胞浆菌病病例被诊断。大多数组织胞浆菌病病例是自体病例，主要来自四川省（56/225，24.9%），湖南（50/225，22.2%），广东（31/225，13.8%），和云南（24/225，10.7%）。发病率较高（52.5%，53/99）的组织胞浆菌病发生在具有免疫能力的患者中，与过去21年的相似，并且该疾病的患病率随时间变化不大。值得注意的是，组织胞浆菌病的数量正在增加，随着时间的推移，地理分布正在向南移动。提高意识对于告知中国的临床实践至关重要。
