Abstract：
This case report describes the coexistence of a retroesophageal right subclavian artery and left maxillary artery which passed deep to the mandibular nerve. An 88-year-old woman died of acute heart failure, and the postmortem revealed that the right subclavian artery originated from the aortic arch as the last branch at the level of the fourth thoracic vertebra, then passed between the esophagus and the vertebral column. The artery then ascended right superiorly and passed behind the anterior scalene muscle. The right vertebral artery arose from the retroesophageal right subclavian artery and entered the transverse foramen of the sixth cervical vertebra. The left maxillary artery branched at the common trunk of the posterior deep temporal and the inferior alveolar arteries. The maxillary artery then turned anteromedially and branched to give the middle meningeal artery. The mandibular nerve gave off the buccal nerve, deep temporal nerve and a thick nerve just below the foramen ovale. The auriculotemporal nerve that branched from the thick nerve ran deep to the maxillary artery. The maxillary artery turned anteriorly, passing deep to the branches. The artery then split to give the buccal artery and the anterior deep temporal artery. In the pterygopalatine section, the maxillary artery branched off to form the common trunk of the infraorbital and sphenopalatine arteries and the posterior superior alveolar artery. It may be necessary to pay attention to the course of the maxillary artery and its relationship to the mandibular nerve branches, when a retroesophageal right subclavian artery is seen.
摘要：
此病例报告描述了食管后右锁骨下动脉和左上颌动脉的共存，该动脉深入下颌神经。一名88岁的妇女死于急性心力衰竭,尸检显示右锁骨下动脉起源于主动脉弓，是第四胸椎水平的最后一个分支，然后穿过食道和脊柱之间。然后，动脉上升到正上方，并在斜角肌的后面通过。右椎动脉起源于食管后右锁骨下动脉，进入第六颈椎横孔。左上颌动脉在后深颞叶和下肺泡动脉的共同干分支。上颌动脉然后转向前内侧并分支以形成脑膜中动脉。下颌神经释放颊神经，颞深神经和卵圆孔下面的厚神经。从厚神经分支的耳颞神经延伸到上颌动脉深处。上颌动脉向前转,穿过树枝深处。然后，动脉分裂，形成颊动脉和颞前深动脉。在翼腭部分,上颌动脉分支形成眶下动脉和蝶腭动脉的共同干和后上肺泡动脉。可能需要注意上颌动脉的走向及其与下颌神经分支的关系，当看到食管后右锁骨下动脉时。
