Abstract：
Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) initially diagnosed at extraskeletal locations. Methods: Clinical and pathological data of four cases of ECD diagnosed initially in extraskeletal locations were collected at Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, from January 2013 to June 2023. BRAF V600E gene was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Pertinent literatures were reviewed. Results: Four ECD patients included two males and two females ranging in ages from 2 years 11 months to 69 years. The lesions located in the lung (two cases), central nervous system (one case), and the testicle (one case) were collected in the study. One patient had occasional fever at night, one had nausea and vomiting, and two were asymptomatic. Radiologically, the two pulmonary ECD showed diffuse ground-glass nodules in both lungs, and the lesions in central nervous system and testicle both showed solid masses. Microscopically, there were infiltration of foamy histiocyte-like cells and multinucleated giant cells in a fibrotic background, accompanied by varying amounts of lymphocytes and plasma cells. The infiltration of tumor cells in pulmonary ECD was mainly seen in the subpleural area, interlobular septa, and perivascular and peribronchiolar areas. The fibrosis was more pronounced in the pleura and interlobular septa, and less pronounced in the alveolar septa. Immunohistochemical staining showed that all tumor cells expressed CD68, CD163 and Fa; one case showed S-100 expression; three cases were positive for BRAF V600E; all were negative for CD1α and Langerin. RT-PCR in all four cases showed BRAF V600E gene mutation. Conclusions: Extraskeletal ECD is often rare and occult, and could be easily misdiagnosed, requiring biopsy confirmation. The radiologic findings of pulmonary ECD is significantly different from other types of ECD, and the histopathological features of pronounced infiltration in the subpleura area, interlobular septa, perivascular and peribronchiolar areas can be helpful in the differential diagnosis from other pulmonary diseases. Detection of BRAF V600E gene mutation by RT-PCR and its expression by immunohistochemical staining are also helpful in the diagnosis.
目的： 探讨以骨外为首发部位的Erdheim-Chester病（Erdheim-Chester disease，ECD）的临床病理学特征。 方法： 收集华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院病理科2013年1月至2023年6月诊断的ECD，分析4例以骨外为首发部位的ECD的临床及病理资料，采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）法检测BRAF V600E基因，并复习相关文献。 结果： 4例ECD患者，男女各2例，年龄2岁11个月至69岁，病变分别位于肺（2例）、中枢神经系统（1例）及睾丸（1例）。1例偶发夜间发热，1例有恶心、呕吐，其余2例无明显临床症状。2例肺ECD表现为双肺弥漫分布的磨玻璃结节影，中枢神经系统及睾丸的病例表现为实性占位。镜下均见纤维化背景中泡沫样组织细胞浸润，伴数量不等的多核巨细胞、小淋巴细胞及浆细胞浸润，其中肺ECD的肿瘤细胞浸润主要出现在胸膜下、小叶间隔、血管周和细支气管周围，纤维化在胸膜和小叶间隔更为明显，在肺泡间隔中不明显。免疫组织化学染色肿瘤细胞均表达CD68、CD163及Fa，不表达CD1α及Langerin，仅1例表达S-100蛋白，3例BRAF V600E阳性。RT-PCR法检测4例均具有BRAF V600E基因突变。 结论： 以骨外为首发部位的ECD罕见且起病隐匿，临床上容易误诊，需通过活检予以明确诊断。肺ECD与其他脏器ECD的影像学改变显著不同，其胸膜下、小叶间隔、血管周和细支气管周围浸润的组织学特点也有助于与其他肺疾病进行鉴别。使用免疫组织化学染色或RT-PCR技术检测BRAF V600E基因突变状态有助于诊断，且2种检测方法有较好的一致性。.
目的： 探讨以骨外为首发部位的Erdheim-Chester病（Erdheim-Chester disease，ECD）的临床病理学特征。 方法： 收集华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院病理科2013年1月至2023年6月诊断的ECD，分析4例以骨外为首发部位的ECD的临床及病理资料，采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）法检测BRAF V600E基因，并复习相关文献。 结果： 4例ECD患者，男女各2例，年龄2岁11个月至69岁，病变分别位于肺（2例）、中枢神经系统（1例）及睾丸（1例）。1例偶发夜间发热，1例有恶心、呕吐，其余2例无明显临床症状。2例肺ECD表现为双肺弥漫分布的磨玻璃结节影，中枢神经系统及睾丸的病例表现为实性占位。镜下均见纤维化背景中泡沫样组织细胞浸润，伴数量不等的多核巨细胞、小淋巴细胞及浆细胞浸润，其中肺ECD的肿瘤细胞浸润主要出现在胸膜下、小叶间隔、血管周和细支气管周围，纤维化在胸膜和小叶间隔更为明显，在肺泡间隔中不明显。免疫组织化学染色肿瘤细胞均表达CD68、CD163及Fa，不表达CD1α及Langerin，仅1例表达S-100蛋白，3例BRAF V600E阳性。RT-PCR法检测4例均具有BRAF V600E基因突变。 结论： 以骨外为首发部位的ECD罕见且起病隐匿，临床上容易误诊，需通过活检予以明确诊断。肺ECD与其他脏器ECD的影像学改变显著不同，其胸膜下、小叶间隔、血管周和细支气管周围浸润的组织学特点也有助于与其他肺疾病进行鉴别。使用免疫组织化学染色或RT-PCR技术检测BRAF V600E基因突变状态有助于诊断，且2种检测方法有较好的一致性。.
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