Abstract：
The heart is the first organ to form during embryonic development, establishing the circulatory infrastructure necessary to sustain life and enable downstream organogenesis. Critical to the heart\'s function is its ability to initiate and propagate electrical impulses that allow for the coordinated contraction and relaxation of its chambers, and thus, the movement of blood and nutrients. Several specialized structures within the heart, collectively known as the cardiac conduction system (CCS), are responsible for this phenomenon. In this review, we discuss the discovery and scientific history of the mammalian cardiac conduction system as well as the key genes and transcription factors implicated in the formation of its major structures. We also describe known human diseases related to CCS development and explore existing challenges in the clinical context.
摘要：
心脏是胚胎发育过程中第一个形成的器官,建立维持生命和实现下游器官发生所需的循环基础设施。心脏功能的关键是其启动和传播电脉冲的能力，使其心室的协调收缩和舒张，因此，血液和营养的运动。心脏内的几个特殊结构，统称为心脏传导系统（CCS），是造成这种现象的原因。在这次审查中,我们讨论了哺乳动物心脏传导系统的发现和科学史，以及与其主要结构形成有关的关键基因和转录因子。我们还描述了与CCS发展相关的已知人类疾病，并探讨了临床背景下存在的挑战。
