PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Macrophages form a crucial component of the innate immune system, and their activation is indispensable for various aspects of immune and inflammatory processes, tissue repair, and maintenance of the balance of the body\'s state. Macrophages are found in all ocular tissues, spanning from the front surface, including the cornea, to the posterior pole, represented by the choroid/sclera. The neural retina is also populated by specialised resident macrophages called microglia. The plasticity of microglia/macrophages allows them to adopt different activation states in response to changes in the tissue microenvironment. When exposed to various factors, microglia/macrophages polarise into distinct phenotypes, each exhibiting unique characteristics and roles. Furthermore, extensive research has indicated a close association between microglia/macrophage polarisation and the development and reversal of various intraocular diseases. The present article provides a review of the recent findings on the association between microglia/macrophage polarisation and ocular pathological processes (including autoimmune uveitis, optic neuritis, sympathetic ophthalmia, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, subretinal fibrosis, uveal melanoma, ischaemic optic neuropathy, retinopathy of prematurity and choroidal neovascularization). The paradoxical role of microglia/macrophage polarisation in retinopathy of prematurity is also discussed. Several studies have shown that microglia/macrophages are involved in the pathology of ocular diseases. However, it is required to further explore the relevant mechanisms and regulatory processes. The relationship between the functional diversity displayed by microglia/macrophage polarisation and intraocular diseases may provide a new direction for the treatment of intraocular diseases.
摘要：
巨噬细胞是先天免疫系统的重要组成部分，它们的激活对于免疫和炎症过程的各个方面都是必不可少的，组织修复,维持身体状态的平衡。巨噬细胞存在于所有眼组织中,从前表面跨越，包括角膜,到后极点，以脉络膜/巩膜为代表。神经视网膜也由称为小胶质细胞的专门驻留巨噬细胞组成。小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞的可塑性使它们能够根据组织微环境的变化采取不同的激活状态。当暴露于各种因素时，小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞分化为不同的表型，每个人都表现出独特的特征和角色。此外，大量研究表明,小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞极化与各种眼内疾病的发展和逆转密切相关.本文综述了小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞极化与眼部病理过程（包括自身免疫性葡萄膜炎，视神经炎,交感性眼炎,视网膜色素变性,青光眼,增生性玻璃体视网膜病变,视网膜下纤维化,葡萄膜黑色素瘤,缺血性视神经病变,早产儿视网膜病变和脉络膜新生血管)。还讨论了小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞极化在早产儿视网膜病中的矛盾作用。一些研究表明小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞参与眼部疾病的病理学。然而,需要进一步探索相关机制和监管程序。小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞极化所显示的功能多样性与眼内疾病的关系可能为眼内疾病的治疗提供新的方向。
