Abstract：
Microalgae have emerged as potential candidates for biomass production and pollutant removal. However, expensive biomass harvesting, insufficient biomass productivity, and low energy intensity limit the large-scale production of microalgae. To break through these bottlenecks, a novel technology of immobilized microalgae culture coupled with wastewater treatment has received increasing attention in recent years. In this review, the characteristics of two immobilized microalgae culture technologies are first presented and then their mechanisms are discussed in terms of biofilm formation theories, including thermodynamic theory, Derjaguin-Landau-Verwei-Overbeek theory (DLVO) and its extended theory (xDLVO), as well as ionic cross-linking mechanisms in the process of microalgae encapsulated in alginate. The main factors (algal strains, carriers, and culture conditions) affecting the growth of microalgae are also discussed. It is also summarized that immobilized microalgae show considerable potential for nitrogen and phosphorus removal, heavy metal removal, pesticide and antibiotic removal in wastewater treatment. The role of bacteria in the cultivation of microalgae by immobilization techniques and their application in wastewater treatment are clarified. This is economically feasible and technically superior. The problems and challenges faced by immobilized microalgae are finally presented.
摘要：
微藻已成为生物质生产和污染物去除的潜在候选者。然而,昂贵的生物质收获，生物质生产力不足，低能量强度限制了微藻的大规模生产。要突破这些瓶颈,近年来，固定化微藻培养与废水处理相结合的新技术越来越受到重视。在这次审查中,首先介绍了两种固定化微藻培养技术的特点，然后从生物膜形成理论的角度讨论了它们的机理，包括热力学理论，Derjaguin-Landau-Verwei-Overbeek理论(DLVO)及其扩展理论(xDLVO)，以及微藻包封在海藻酸盐中过程中的离子交联机制。主要因素(藻类菌株，承运人,和培养条件）对微藻生长的影响也进行了讨论。还总结了固定化微藻显示出相当大的脱氮除磷潜力，重金属去除，废水处理中的农药和抗生素去除。阐明了细菌在固定化技术培养微藻中的作用及其在废水处理中的应用。这在经济上是可行的并且在技术上是优越的。最后提出了固定化微藻面临的问题和挑战。
