Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by a prolonged stress response to potentially life-threatening events long after the event has passed. Understanding factors related to recovery from traumatic life events may inform novel targets for intervention. There is emerging preclinical evidence that creatine (Cr), a molecule critical to brain bioenergetics, may be a neurobiological marker of stress reactivity and recovery.
METHODS: 25 US Veterans (8 female) completed the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5, which assessed different types of traumatic events. Veterans were also asked to rate the subjective stress of each traumatic event on a 1-10 scale currently (Current Stress) and at the time the event occurred (Past Stress). Stress recovery was quantified as the difference between Current and Past Stress. Current PTSD symptoms were also assessed using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5. Cr concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were measured in the anterior cingulate cortex using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS).
RESULTS: Higher levels of Cr were associated with self-reported stress recovery from participants\' most traumatic life event. Cr was not related to number of different types of traumatic life events or current PTSD symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS: The sample size was relatively small. Stress recovery was measured via retrospective self-report. Future experimental work in humans should clarify the protective role of Cr in recovery from trauma.
CONCLUSIONS: ACC concentrations of Cr may be an important neurochemical factor related to stress recovery. Future work should investigate Cr as a possible protective factor against the effects of traumatic stress.
METHODS: 25 US Veterans (8 female) completed the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5, which assessed different types of traumatic events. Veterans were also asked to rate the subjective stress of each traumatic event on a 1-10 scale currently (Current Stress) and at the time the event occurred (Past Stress). Stress recovery was quantified as the difference between Current and Past Stress. Current PTSD symptoms were also assessed using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5. Cr concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were measured in the anterior cingulate cortex using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS).
RESULTS: Higher levels of Cr were associated with self-reported stress recovery from participants\' most traumatic life event. Cr was not related to number of different types of traumatic life events or current PTSD symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS: The sample size was relatively small. Stress recovery was measured via retrospective self-report. Future experimental work in humans should clarify the protective role of Cr in recovery from trauma.
CONCLUSIONS: ACC concentrations of Cr may be an important neurochemical factor related to stress recovery. Future work should investigate Cr as a possible protective factor against the effects of traumatic stress.
摘要：
背景：创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）是一种精神病，其特征是在事件过去很长时间后对潜在威胁生命的事件有长期的应激反应。了解与创伤生活事件恢复相关的因素可能会为干预提供新的目标。有新的临床前证据表明肌酸(Cr)，对大脑生物能学至关重要的分子，可能是应激反应和恢复的神经生物学标记。
方法：25名美国退伍军人（8名女性）完成了DSM-5的生活事件清单，该清单评估了不同类型的创伤事件。还要求退伍军人在当前（当前压力）和事件发生时（过去压力）的1-10量表上对每个创伤事件的主观压力进行评分。压力恢复被量化为当前和过去压力之间的差异。还使用DSM-5的PTSD清单评估了当前的PTSD症状。使用质子磁共振波谱（1H-MRS）测量前扣带皮质（ACC）中的Cr浓度。
结果：较高的Cr水平与参与者自我报告的压力恢复相关，这些压力恢复是最有创伤的生活事件。Cr与不同类型的创伤生活事件或当前PTSD症状的数量无关。
结论：样本量相对较小。通过回顾性自我报告测量压力恢复。未来的人类实验工作应该阐明Cr在创伤恢复中的保护作用。
结论：ACC浓度的Cr可能是与应激恢复有关的重要神经化学因素。未来的工作应该研究Cr作为对抗创伤应激影响的可能保护因素。
方法：25名美国退伍军人（8名女性）完成了DSM-5的生活事件清单，该清单评估了不同类型的创伤事件。还要求退伍军人在当前（当前压力）和事件发生时（过去压力）的1-10量表上对每个创伤事件的主观压力进行评分。压力恢复被量化为当前和过去压力之间的差异。还使用DSM-5的PTSD清单评估了当前的PTSD症状。使用质子磁共振波谱（1H-MRS）测量前扣带皮质（ACC）中的Cr浓度。
结果：较高的Cr水平与参与者自我报告的压力恢复相关，这些压力恢复是最有创伤的生活事件。Cr与不同类型的创伤生活事件或当前PTSD症状的数量无关。
结论：样本量相对较小。通过回顾性自我报告测量压力恢复。未来的人类实验工作应该阐明Cr在创伤恢复中的保护作用。
结论：ACC浓度的Cr可能是与应激恢复有关的重要神经化学因素。未来的工作应该研究Cr作为对抗创伤应激影响的可能保护因素。
