PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a widely used anti-cancer drug. It works by alkylation and is commonly used in cancer treatment. In this study, the goal was to create biodegradable drug delivery carriers with minimal side effects for breast cancer treatment by developing gold nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide (Au-rGO) nanocomposites using a sustainable synthesis method and loading them with cyclophosphamide.
METHODS: Cyclophosphamide-loaded gold/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (Au-rGOCP) were synthesized and evaluated using FT-IR, XRD, release pattern, and FE-SEM techniques. Furthermore, the anticancer effect against breast cancer cells was evaluated through MTT and Annexin V assays. CAT, SOD, and GPx biomarkers were used to assess the antioxidant effect of the free and nano-formulated cyclophosphamide.
RESULTS: The characterization results showed the effective loading of cyclophosphamide in the nanocarriers. Additionally, Au-rGO had a higher drug loading capacity for cyclophosphamide during a 24-hour contact period (92.34%). The pH value affected the amount of cyclophosphamide released from the nanocarriers. Au-rGO/CP displayed significant in vitro anti-cancer activity against MCF-7 cancer cells relative to free CP and rGO/CP. According to Annexin V assay results, Au-rGO/CP induced a higher apoptosis rate in MCF-7 breast cancer cells than other forms.
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the gold-decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite enhances treatment efficacy and significantly increases apoptosis and cell death induction. As a result, CP-loaded Au-rGO-based compounds could be a promising treatment for breast cancer.
METHODS: Cyclophosphamide-loaded gold/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (Au-rGOCP) were synthesized and evaluated using FT-IR, XRD, release pattern, and FE-SEM techniques. Furthermore, the anticancer effect against breast cancer cells was evaluated through MTT and Annexin V assays. CAT, SOD, and GPx biomarkers were used to assess the antioxidant effect of the free and nano-formulated cyclophosphamide.
RESULTS: The characterization results showed the effective loading of cyclophosphamide in the nanocarriers. Additionally, Au-rGO had a higher drug loading capacity for cyclophosphamide during a 24-hour contact period (92.34%). The pH value affected the amount of cyclophosphamide released from the nanocarriers. Au-rGO/CP displayed significant in vitro anti-cancer activity against MCF-7 cancer cells relative to free CP and rGO/CP. According to Annexin V assay results, Au-rGO/CP induced a higher apoptosis rate in MCF-7 breast cancer cells than other forms.
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the gold-decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite enhances treatment efficacy and significantly increases apoptosis and cell death induction. As a result, CP-loaded Au-rGO-based compounds could be a promising treatment for breast cancer.
摘要：
目的：环磷酰胺（CP）是一种广泛使用的抗癌药物。它通过烷基化起作用，通常用于癌症治疗。在这项研究中,目标是通过使用可持续合成方法开发金纳米颗粒/还原氧化石墨烯（Au-rGO）纳米复合材料并将其负载环磷酰胺，从而创建用于乳腺癌治疗的副作用最小的可生物降解药物递送载体。
方法：合成了环磷酰胺负载的金/还原氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料（Au-rGOCP），并使用FT-IR进行了评估，XRD,释放模式,和FE-SEM技术。此外，通过MTT法和膜联蛋白V法评价对乳腺癌细胞的抗癌作用。CAT,SOD,和GPx生物标志物用于评估游离和纳米配制的环磷酰胺的抗氧化作用。
结果:表征结果显示环磷酰胺在纳米载体中的有效负载。此外,Au-rGO在24小时接触期间对环磷酰胺具有较高的药物负载能力(92.34%)。pH值影响从纳米载体释放的环磷酰胺的量。相对于游离CP和rGO/CP,Au-rGO/CP对MCF-7癌细胞显示出显著的体外抗癌活性。根据膜联蛋白V的检测结果,Au-rGO/CP在MCF-7乳腺癌细胞中诱导的凋亡率高于其他形式。
结论：结论：我们的研究结果表明，金修饰的还原氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料提高了治疗效果，并显着增加了细胞凋亡和细胞死亡诱导。因此,基于CP的Au-rGO化合物可能是一种有希望的乳腺癌治疗方法。
方法：合成了环磷酰胺负载的金/还原氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料（Au-rGOCP），并使用FT-IR进行了评估，XRD,释放模式,和FE-SEM技术。此外，通过MTT法和膜联蛋白V法评价对乳腺癌细胞的抗癌作用。CAT,SOD,和GPx生物标志物用于评估游离和纳米配制的环磷酰胺的抗氧化作用。
结果:表征结果显示环磷酰胺在纳米载体中的有效负载。此外,Au-rGO在24小时接触期间对环磷酰胺具有较高的药物负载能力(92.34%)。pH值影响从纳米载体释放的环磷酰胺的量。相对于游离CP和rGO/CP,Au-rGO/CP对MCF-7癌细胞显示出显著的体外抗癌活性。根据膜联蛋白V的检测结果,Au-rGO/CP在MCF-7乳腺癌细胞中诱导的凋亡率高于其他形式。
结论：结论：我们的研究结果表明，金修饰的还原氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料提高了治疗效果，并显着增加了细胞凋亡和细胞死亡诱导。因此,基于CP的Au-rGO化合物可能是一种有希望的乳腺癌治疗方法。
