PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) B infections remain a primary global health concern. The immunopathology of the infection, specifically the interactions between HBV and the host immune system, remains somewhat unknown. It has been discovered that innate immune reactions are vital in eliminating HBV. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an essential category of proteins that detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). They begin pathways of intracellular signals to stimulate pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus forming adaptive immune reactions. HBV TLRs include TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9. Each TLR has its particular molecule to recognize; various TLRs impact HBV and play distinct roles in the pathogenesis of the disease. TLR gene polymorphisms may have an advantageous or disadvantageous efficacy on HBV infection, and some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can influence the progression or prognosis of infection. Additionally, it has been discovered that similar SNPs in TLR genes might have varied effects on distinct populations due to stress, diet, and external physical variables. In addition, activation of TLR-interceded signaling pathways could suppress HBV replication and increase HBV-particular T-cell and B-cell reactions. By identifying these associated polymorphisms, we can efficiently advance the immune efficacy of vaccines. Additionally, this will enhance our capability to forecast the danger of HBV infection or the threat of dependent liver disease development via several TLR SNPs, thus playing a role in the inhibition, monitoring, and even treatment guidance for HBV infection. This review will show TLR polymorphisms, their influence on TLR signaling, and their associations with HBV diseases.
摘要：
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）B感染仍然是全球主要健康问题。感染的免疫病理学，特别是HBV和宿主免疫系统之间的相互作用，仍然有些未知。已经发现,先天免疫反应在消除HBV中是至关重要的。Toll样受体（TLR）是检测病原体相关分子模式（PAMP）的重要蛋白质类别。它们开始细胞内信号通路刺激促炎和抗炎细胞因子，从而形成适应性免疫反应。HBVTLRs包含TLR2、TLR3、TLR4、TLR7和TLR9。每个TLR都有其特定的分子来识别;各种TLR影响HBV并在疾病的发病机理中发挥不同的作用。TLR基因多态性可能对HBV感染具有有利或不利的功效，单核苷酸多态性(SNP)可影响感染的进展或预后。此外,已经发现，TLR基因中的相似SNP可能由于胁迫而对不同群体产生不同的影响，饮食，和外部物理变量。此外,TLR介导的信号通路的激活可以抑制HBV复制并增加HBV特异性T细胞和B细胞反应。通过识别这些相关的多态性，我们可以有效地提高疫苗的免疫效力。此外,这将增强我们预测HBV感染的危险或通过几个TLRSNP依赖性肝病发展的威胁的能力，从而在抑制中发挥作用，监测,甚至HBV感染的治疗指导。这篇综述将展示TLR多态性，它们对TLR信号传导的影响，以及它们与HBV疾病的关联。
