PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Oral cancer is a prevalent global health issue, with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Despite available preventive measures, it remains one of the most common cancers, emphasising the need for improved diagnostic and prognostic tools. This review focuses on oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), precursors to oral cancer, specifically emphasising oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). The World Health Organisation (WHO) provides a three-tier grading system for OED, and recent updates have expanded the criteria to enhance diagnostic precision. In the prognostic evaluation of OED, histological grading is presently regarded as the gold standard; however, its subjectivity and unreliability in anticipating malignant transformation or recurrence pose notable limitations. The primary objective is to investigate whether specific immunohistochemical biomarkers can enhance OED grading assessment according to the WHO classification. Biomarkers exhibit significant potential for comprehensive cancer risk evaluation, early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment optimisation. Technological advancements, including sequencing and nanotechnology, have expanded detection capabilities. Some analysed biomarkers are most frequently chosen, such as p53, Ki-67, cadherins/catenins, and other proteins used to differentiate OED grades. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings and discover new potential biomarkers for precise dysplasia grading and minimally invasive assessment of the risk of malignant transformation.
摘要：
口腔癌是一个普遍的全球健康问题，具有显著的发病率和死亡率。尽管有预防措施,它仍然是最常见的癌症之一，强调需要改进的诊断和预后工具。这篇综述的重点是口腔潜在恶性疾病(OPMD)，口腔癌的前体，特别强调口腔上皮发育不良（OED）。世界卫生组织（WHO）为OED提供了一个三级分级系统，和最近的更新扩大了标准，以提高诊断精度。在OED的预后评估中，组织学分级目前被认为是黄金标准；然而，它在预测恶性转化或复发方面的主观性和不可靠性造成了显著的局限性。主要目的是研究特定的免疫组织化学生物标志物是否可以根据WHO分类增强OED分级评估。生物标志物在全面的癌症风险评估中表现出巨大的潜力，早期发现,诊断,预后,和治疗优化。技术进步,包括测序和纳米技术，具有扩展的检测能力。一些分析的生物标志物是最常见的选择，如p53，Ki-67，钙黏着蛋白/连环蛋白，和其他用于区分OED等级的蛋白质。然而,需要进一步的研究来证实这些发现,并发现新的潜在生物标志物,用于精确的发育不良分级和对恶性转化风险的微创评估.
