PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) occurs spontaneously in humans and various animal species, including horses. In humans, obtaining tissue samples is challenging and clinical symptoms appear late in the disease progression. Therefore, genetically modified, induced, and naturally occurring animal models play a crucial role in understanding the pathogenesis and evaluating potential therapeutic interventions for TMJ OA. Among the naturally occurring models, the equine TMJ OA model is characterized by slow, age-related progression, a wide range of clinical examinations, and imaging modalities that can be performed on horses, as well as easy tissue and synovial fluid collection. The morphological and functional similarities of TMJ structures in both species make the equine model of TMJ OA an excellent opportunity to track disease progression and response to treatment. However, much work remains to be carried out to determine the utility of human TMJ OA biomarkers in horses. Among the main TMJ OA biomarkers, IL-1, IL-6, TGF-β, TNF-α, and PGE2 have been recently investigated in the equine model. However, the majority of biomarkers for cartilage degradation, chondrocyte hypertrophy, angiogenesis, and TMJ overload-as well as any of the main signaling pathways-have not been studied so far. Therefore, it would be advisable to focus further research on equine specimens, considering both mediators and signaling.
摘要：
颞下颌关节（TMJ）的骨关节炎（OA）在人类和各种动物物种中自发发生，包括马。在人类中,获取组织样本是具有挑战性的，临床症状出现在疾病进展的后期。因此,转基因,诱导,和自然发生的动物模型在理解TMJOA的发病机制和评估潜在的治疗干预措施中起着至关重要的作用。在自然发生的模型中，马TMJOA模型的特点是缓慢，与年龄有关的进展，广泛的临床检查，以及可以在马匹上进行的成像模式，以及容易的组织和滑液收集。两个物种中TMJ结构的形态和功能相似性使TMJOA的马模型成为追踪疾病进展和对治疗反应的绝佳机会。然而,要确定人类TMJOA生物标志物在马匹中的实用性，还有很多工作要做。在主要的TMJOA生物标志物中，IL-1，IL-6，TGF-β，TNF-α,和PGE2最近在马模型中进行了研究。然而,大多数软骨降解的生物标志物，软骨细胞肥大，血管生成,和TMJ过载-以及任何主要的信号通路-到目前为止还没有被研究。因此,最好将重点放在马标本上进一步研究，同时考虑调解人和信号。
