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Abstract：
Gliomas constitute a diverse and complex array of tumors within the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by a wide range of prognostic outcomes and responses to therapeutic interventions. This literature review endeavors to conduct a thorough investigation of gliomas, with a particular emphasis on glioblastoma (GBM), beginning with their classification and epidemiological characteristics, evaluating their relative importance within the CNS tumor spectrum. We examine the immunological context of gliomas, unveiling the intricate immune environment and its ramifications for disease progression and therapeutic strategies. Moreover, we accentuate critical developments in understanding tumor behavior, focusing on recent research breakthroughs in treatment responses and the elucidation of cellular signaling pathways. Analyzing the most novel transcriptomic studies, we investigate the variations in gene expression patterns in glioma cells, assessing the prognostic and therapeutic implications of these genetic alterations. Furthermore, the role of epigenetic modifications in the pathogenesis of gliomas is underscored, suggesting that such changes are fundamental to tumor evolution and possible therapeutic advancements. In the end, this comparative oncological analysis situates GBM within the wider context of neoplasms, delineating both distinct and shared characteristics with other types of tumors.
摘要：
胶质瘤在中枢神经系统（CNS）内构成了多种复杂的肿瘤，其特点是广泛的预后结果和对治疗干预的反应。这篇文献综述试图对胶质瘤进行彻底的调查，特别强调胶质母细胞瘤（GBM），从它们的分类和流行病学特征开始，评估它们在中枢神经系统肿瘤谱中的相对重要性。我们检查了神经胶质瘤的免疫学背景，揭示了复杂的免疫环境及其对疾病进展和治疗策略的影响。此外，我们强调了理解肿瘤行为的关键进展，专注于治疗反应和细胞信号通路阐明方面的最新研究突破。分析最新颖的转录组学研究，我们研究了神经胶质瘤细胞中基因表达模式的变化，评估这些遗传改变的预后和治疗意义。此外，表观遗传修饰在胶质瘤发病机制中的作用得到了强调，这表明这种变化是肿瘤进化和可能的治疗进展的基础。最后,这种比较肿瘤学分析将GBM置于更广泛的肿瘤背景下，描绘与其他类型肿瘤的独特和共同特征。
