PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs), serving as the common origin of neural and paraxial mesodermal development in a large part of the trunk, have recently gained significant attention because of their critical importance in the understanding of embryonic organogenesis and the design of in vitro models of organogenesis. However, the nature of NMPs at many essential points remains only vaguely understood or even incorrectly assumed. Here, we discuss the nature of NMPs, focusing on their dynamic migratory behavior during embryogenesis and the mechanisms underlying their neural vs. mesodermal fate choice. The discussion points include the following: (1) How the sinus rhomboidals is organized; the tissue where the neural or mesodermal fate choice of NMPs occurs. (2) NMPs originating from the broad posterior epiblast are associated with Sox2 N1 enhancer activity. (3) Tbx6-dependent Sox2 repression occurs during NMP-derived paraxial mesoderm development. (4) The nephric mesenchyme, a component of the intermediate mesoderm, was newly identified as an NMP derivative. (5) The transition of embryonic tissue development from tissue-specific progenitors in the anterior part to that from NMPs occurs at the forelimb bud axial level. (6) The coexpression of Sox2 and Bra in NMPs is conditional and is not a hallmark of NMPs. (7) The ability of the NMP pool to sustain axial embryo growth depends on Wnt3a signaling in the NMP population. Current in vitro models of NMPs are also critically reviewed.
摘要：
神经中胚层祖细胞（NMP），作为躯干大部分神经和近轴中胚层发育的共同起源，由于它们在理解胚胎器官发生和器官发生体外模型的设计中至关重要，因此最近获得了广泛关注。然而,在许多关键点上，NMP的性质仍然只是模糊地理解甚至错误地假设。这里,我们讨论NMP的性质，关注它们在胚胎发育过程中的动态迁移行为及其神经与神经的潜在机制中胚层命运的选择。讨论要点包括以下内容：（1）鼻窦菱形是如何组织的；发生NMP的神经或中胚层命运选择的组织。（2）源自广泛的后上母细胞的NMPs与Sox2N1增强子活性有关。(3)Tbx6依赖性Sox2抑制发生在NMP衍生的近轴中胚层发育过程中。(4)肾间质,中间中胚层的一个组成部分，被新鉴定为NMP衍生物。（5）胚胎组织发育从前部的组织特异性祖细胞到NMP的转变发生在前肢芽轴向水平。（6）Sox2和Bra在NMPs中的共表达是有条件的，不是NMPs的标志。(7)NMP池维持轴向胚生长的能力取决于NMP群体中的Wnt3a信号传导。还严格审查了当前的NMP体外模型。
