PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Globally, economically developed countries face similar ageing demographics and the challenge of a \'care gap\', yet they vary due to different care and formal support systems, and different cultural and societal norms around illness and care. The aim of this exploratory study was to examine cross-country variations in caregiver motivations, willingness, values, meaning in life, illness beliefs, and experiences of wellbeing, gain, health-related quality of life, burden and depression, across 6 European countries and Israel. Cross-country differences in the above-mentioned informal caregiver experiences are rarely described.
METHODS: An online survey (ENTWINE-iCohort) was conducted using validated measures wherever possible. This paper utilises data from 879 caregivers and seven countries (Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, the UK, and Israel).
RESULTS: No consistent finding supporting the concurrent relationship between caregiver support policies/country culture and caregiver motivations/willingness was found. Caregivers in countries typically characterised by individualist cultures reported lower familism, higher self-enhancement values, and greater perceived illness threat compared to more collectivist countries. Search for meaning was higher in poorer countries than in wealthier countries. Higher negative caregiver experiences (e.g., burden) and lower positive experiences (e.g., wellbeing) were generally observed in countries with underdeveloped caregiver support as compared to countries with more developed formal support systems.
CONCLUSIONS: Cross-country variations can be explained to varying degrees by national policies around care (or their absence) and country cultural contexts. The results emphasise the importance of formal support services for achieving positive caregiver experiences, and help inform the development of policies and measures to support caregivers in Europe and Israel.
METHODS: An online survey (ENTWINE-iCohort) was conducted using validated measures wherever possible. This paper utilises data from 879 caregivers and seven countries (Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, the UK, and Israel).
RESULTS: No consistent finding supporting the concurrent relationship between caregiver support policies/country culture and caregiver motivations/willingness was found. Caregivers in countries typically characterised by individualist cultures reported lower familism, higher self-enhancement values, and greater perceived illness threat compared to more collectivist countries. Search for meaning was higher in poorer countries than in wealthier countries. Higher negative caregiver experiences (e.g., burden) and lower positive experiences (e.g., wellbeing) were generally observed in countries with underdeveloped caregiver support as compared to countries with more developed formal support systems.
CONCLUSIONS: Cross-country variations can be explained to varying degrees by national policies around care (or their absence) and country cultural contexts. The results emphasise the importance of formal support services for achieving positive caregiver experiences, and help inform the development of policies and measures to support caregivers in Europe and Israel.
摘要：
背景：在全球范围内，经济发达国家面临着类似的老龄化人口结构和“护理差距”的挑战，然而，由于不同的护理和正式的支持系统，以及围绕疾病和护理的不同文化和社会规范。这项探索性研究的目的是研究照顾者动机的跨国差异，意愿,值,生活的意义，疾病信念,和幸福的经历，增益，与健康相关的生活质量，负担和抑郁，6个欧洲国家和以色列。很少描述上述非正式照料者经历中的跨国差异。
方法：进行了一项在线调查（ENTWINE-iCohort），尽可能使用经过验证的措施。本文利用了来自879名护理人员和7个国家的数据(希腊，意大利,荷兰,波兰,瑞典,英国,和以色列）。
结果：没有一致的发现支持照顾者支持政策/国家文化与照顾者动机/意愿之间的并发关系。通常以个人主义文化为特征的国家的看护人报告家庭主义较低，更高的自我增强值，与更多的集体主义国家相比，更大的疾病威胁。在较贫穷的国家中，对意义的追求要高于较富裕的国家。较高的负面照顾者体验(例如，负担)和较低的积极体验(例如，与正规支持系统较发达的国家相比，在护理人员支持不足的国家通常观察到福祉）。
结论：跨国差异可以在不同程度上由围绕护理（或其缺失）和国家文化背景的国家政策来解释。结果强调了正式支持服务对于实现积极的照顾者体验的重要性，并帮助制定政策和措施，以支持欧洲和以色列的护理人员。
方法：进行了一项在线调查（ENTWINE-iCohort），尽可能使用经过验证的措施。本文利用了来自879名护理人员和7个国家的数据(希腊，意大利,荷兰,波兰,瑞典,英国,和以色列）。
结果：没有一致的发现支持照顾者支持政策/国家文化与照顾者动机/意愿之间的并发关系。通常以个人主义文化为特征的国家的看护人报告家庭主义较低，更高的自我增强值，与更多的集体主义国家相比，更大的疾病威胁。在较贫穷的国家中，对意义的追求要高于较富裕的国家。较高的负面照顾者体验(例如，负担)和较低的积极体验(例如，与正规支持系统较发达的国家相比，在护理人员支持不足的国家通常观察到福祉）。
结论：跨国差异可以在不同程度上由围绕护理（或其缺失）和国家文化背景的国家政策来解释。结果强调了正式支持服务对于实现积极的照顾者体验的重要性，并帮助制定政策和措施，以支持欧洲和以色列的护理人员。
