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Abstract：
Background: Childhood adversity can have lasting negative effects on physical and mental health. This study contributes to the existing literature by describing the prevalence rates and mental health outcomes related to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among adolescents registered for mental health care.Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional study were youths (aged 12-18 years) who were referred to outpatient psychiatric departments in the Netherlands. Demographic information was collected from the medical records. The Child Trauma Screening Questionnaire (CTSQ) was used to examine the presence of ACEs and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). To assess mental health problems, we used the Dutch translation of the Youth Self Report. Descriptive statistics and frequencies were used to calculate prevalence rates across the various ACEs domains. ANOVA and chi-square tests were used to explore the relationship between ACEs and mental health.Results: Of the 1373 participants, 69.1% reported having experienced at least one ACE and 17.1% indicated exposure to four or more ACEs in their lives. Although there was substantial overlap among all ACE categories, the most frequently reported were bullying (49.2%), emotional abuse (17.8%), physical abuse (12.2%), and sexual abuse (10.1%). Female adolescents (72.7%) reported significantly more ACEs than their male counterparts (27.0%). Furthermore, a higher number of ACEs was associated with significantly more self-reported general mental health problems, an elevated prevalence of both mood and post-traumatic stress disorders, and a greater presence of two or more co-existing psychiatric diagnoses (comorbid psychiatric classification).Conclusions: This cross-sectional study on childhood adversity and its association with mental health showed that ACEs are highly prevalent in youth registered for mental health care. This study provides support for a graded and cumulative relationship between childhood adversity and mental health problems.
This study investigated the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences and associated mental health problems among Dutch youth registered for mental health care. Almost seven out of ten patients reported having been exposed to childhood adversity, and two out of ten patients reported exposure to four or more adverse childhood experiences.The results indicated a significant association between exposure to childhood adversity and mental health problems.Analysis of the data showed a cumulative effect of adverse childhood experiences, meaning that patients who reported exposure to more childhood adversity also showed more severe internalizing and externalizing mental health problems, a significant increase in both posttraumatic stress disorder and mood disorder diagnoses, and a general increase in psychiatric comorbidities.
This study investigated the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences and associated mental health problems among Dutch youth registered for mental health care. Almost seven out of ten patients reported having been exposed to childhood adversity, and two out of ten patients reported exposure to four or more adverse childhood experiences.The results indicated a significant association between exposure to childhood adversity and mental health problems.Analysis of the data showed a cumulative effect of adverse childhood experiences, meaning that patients who reported exposure to more childhood adversity also showed more severe internalizing and externalizing mental health problems, a significant increase in both posttraumatic stress disorder and mood disorder diagnoses, and a general increase in psychiatric comorbidities.
摘要：
背景：童年的逆境会对身心健康产生持久的负面影响。这项研究通过描述注册精神卫生保健的青少年中与不良童年经历（ACE）相关的患病率和心理健康结果，为现有文献做出了贡献。方法：这项横断面研究的参与者是年轻人（12-18岁），他们被转诊到荷兰的门诊精神科。从医疗记录中收集人口统计信息。使用儿童创伤筛查问卷（CTSQ）检查ACE的存在和创伤后应激症状（PTSS）。评估心理健康问题，我们用荷兰语翻译的《青年自我报告》。描述性统计和频率用于计算各种ACE领域的患病率。采用方差分析和卡方检验探讨ACE与心理健康的关系。结果:在1373名参与者中，69.1%的人报告经历过至少一次ACE，17.1%的人表示一生中接触过四种或更多ACE。尽管所有ACE类别之间存在大量重叠，最常报告的是欺凌(49.2%)，精神虐待(17.8%),身体虐待(12.2%),和性虐待(10.1%)。女性青少年（72.7%）报告的ACE明显多于男性青少年（27.0%）。此外，较高数量的ACE与更多的自我报告的一般心理健康问题相关，情绪和创伤后应激障碍的患病率升高，和更多的存在两个或更多共存的精神病诊断（共病精神病分类）。结论：这项关于儿童逆境及其与心理健康关系的横断面研究表明，ACE在注册精神保健的年轻人中非常普遍。这项研究为儿童逆境与心理健康问题之间的分级和累积关系提供了支持。
这项研究调查了注册精神卫生保健的荷兰青年中不良童年经历和相关心理健康问题的患病率。十分之七的患者报告说曾遭受童年逆境，十分之二的患者报告暴露于四种或更多的不良童年经历。结果表明，儿童逆境与心理健康问题之间存在显着关联。数据分析显示不良童年经历的累积效应，这意味着报告暴露于更多儿童逆境的患者也表现出更严重的内化和外化心理健康问题，创伤后应激障碍和情绪障碍诊断的显著增加，精神病合并症普遍增加。
这项研究调查了注册精神卫生保健的荷兰青年中不良童年经历和相关心理健康问题的患病率。十分之七的患者报告说曾遭受童年逆境，十分之二的患者报告暴露于四种或更多的不良童年经历。结果表明，儿童逆境与心理健康问题之间存在显着关联。数据分析显示不良童年经历的累积效应，这意味着报告暴露于更多儿童逆境的患者也表现出更严重的内化和外化心理健康问题，创伤后应激障碍和情绪障碍诊断的显著增加，精神病合并症普遍增加。
