PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder classified by the loss of bone density in older adults leading to compromised bone strength and an increased risk of fracture. It can be divided into categories based on its etiology: senile, post-menopausal, and secondary osteoporosis. Specific prevention measures and treatments exist for targeting bone loss. Here we review and summarize the literature regarding the presentation of osteoporosis and discuss pharmaceutical therapies.
UNASSIGNED: PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for articles published in English between 1980 and 2021. Search terms combined \"senile osteoporosis\", \"osteoporosis treatment\", \"osteoporosis\", \"bisphosphonates\", \"denosumab\", types of hormone therapy, and other relevant keywords used in various combinations.
UNASSIGNED: Osteoporosis affects millions but often goes undiagnosed until a pathologic fracture. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and are a diagnostic tool for osteoporosis. Adults over the age of 65, post-menopausal women, and those with risk factors such as previous fractures are recommended to receive DEXA scans every one to two years. Bisphosphonates, denosumab, and hormonal therapies are among the most common pharmacologic treatments for osteoporosis.
UNASSIGNED: Daily, orally administered bisphosphonates are the first-line therapy for osteoporosis given their efficacy in decreasing fracture risk and favorable safety profile. Denosumab is an alternative that is administered subcutaneously every six months and may be given as initial therapy to select patients. Hormonal therapies are used if patients cannot tolerate bisphosphonates or denosumab or are refractory to these medications. Preventative measures for osteoporosis include tailored exercise and sufficient intake of calcium and vitamin D via diet or supplementation.
UNASSIGNED: PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for articles published in English between 1980 and 2021. Search terms combined \"senile osteoporosis\", \"osteoporosis treatment\", \"osteoporosis\", \"bisphosphonates\", \"denosumab\", types of hormone therapy, and other relevant keywords used in various combinations.
UNASSIGNED: Osteoporosis affects millions but often goes undiagnosed until a pathologic fracture. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and are a diagnostic tool for osteoporosis. Adults over the age of 65, post-menopausal women, and those with risk factors such as previous fractures are recommended to receive DEXA scans every one to two years. Bisphosphonates, denosumab, and hormonal therapies are among the most common pharmacologic treatments for osteoporosis.
UNASSIGNED: Daily, orally administered bisphosphonates are the first-line therapy for osteoporosis given their efficacy in decreasing fracture risk and favorable safety profile. Denosumab is an alternative that is administered subcutaneously every six months and may be given as initial therapy to select patients. Hormonal therapies are used if patients cannot tolerate bisphosphonates or denosumab or are refractory to these medications. Preventative measures for osteoporosis include tailored exercise and sufficient intake of calcium and vitamin D via diet or supplementation.
摘要：
■骨质疏松症是一种骨骼疾病，其分类为老年人骨密度丢失，导致骨强度受损和骨折风险增加。根据病因可分为：老年性，绝经后,和继发性骨质疏松症。存在针对骨丢失的具体预防措施和治疗方法。在这里，我们回顾和总结有关骨质疏松症的文献，并讨论药物治疗。
■搜索了PubMed和GoogleScholar在1980年至2021年之间以英文发表的文章。搜索字词组合\"老年性骨质疏松症\",“骨质疏松症治疗”，“骨质疏松症”，\"双膦酸盐\",\"denosumab\",激素治疗的类型，以及以各种组合使用的其他相关关键字。
■骨质疏松会影响数百万人，但通常直到病理性骨折才被诊断出来。双能X射线骨密度仪（DEXA）扫描可评估骨矿物质密度（BMD），是骨质疏松症的诊断工具。65岁以上的成年人，绝经后妇女，那些有风险因素的人，如以前的骨折，建议每一到两年接受DEXA扫描。双膦酸盐，denosumab,激素疗法是骨质疏松症最常见的药物治疗方法之一。
■每日，口服双膦酸盐是治疗骨质疏松症的一线疗法,因为它们在降低骨折风险和良好的安全性方面具有功效.Denosumab是每六个月皮下给药的替代方案，可以作为初始疗法选择患者。如果患者不能耐受双膦酸盐或denosumab或对这些药物无效，则使用激素疗法。骨质疏松症的预防措施包括量身定制的运动和通过饮食或补充剂摄入足够的钙和维生素D。
■搜索了PubMed和GoogleScholar在1980年至2021年之间以英文发表的文章。搜索字词组合\"老年性骨质疏松症\",“骨质疏松症治疗”，“骨质疏松症”，\"双膦酸盐\",\"denosumab\",激素治疗的类型，以及以各种组合使用的其他相关关键字。
■骨质疏松会影响数百万人，但通常直到病理性骨折才被诊断出来。双能X射线骨密度仪（DEXA）扫描可评估骨矿物质密度（BMD），是骨质疏松症的诊断工具。65岁以上的成年人，绝经后妇女，那些有风险因素的人，如以前的骨折，建议每一到两年接受DEXA扫描。双膦酸盐，denosumab,激素疗法是骨质疏松症最常见的药物治疗方法之一。
■每日，口服双膦酸盐是治疗骨质疏松症的一线疗法,因为它们在降低骨折风险和良好的安全性方面具有功效.Denosumab是每六个月皮下给药的替代方案，可以作为初始疗法选择患者。如果患者不能耐受双膦酸盐或denosumab或对这些药物无效，则使用激素疗法。骨质疏松症的预防措施包括量身定制的运动和通过饮食或补充剂摄入足够的钙和维生素D。
