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Abstract：
Sheeppox and goatpox are transboundary viral diseases of sheep and goats that cause significant economic losses to small and marginal farmers worldwide, including India. Members of the genus Capripoxvirus (CaPV), namely Sheeppox virus (SPPV), Goatpox virus (GTPV), and Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), are antigenically similar, and species differentiation can only be accomplished using molecular approaches. The present study aimed to understand the molecular epidemiology and host specificity of SPPV and GTPV circulating in India through sequencing and structural analysis of the RNA polymerase subunit-30 kDa (RPO30) gene. A total of 29 field isolates from sheep (n = 19) and goats (n = 10) belonging to different geographical regions of India during the period: Year 2015 to 2023, were analyzed based on the sequence and structure of the full-length RPO30 gene/protein. Phylogenetically, all the CaPV isolates were separated into three major clusters: SPPV, GTPV, and LSDV. Multiple sequence alignment revealed a highly conserved RPO30 gene, with a stretch of 21 nucleotide deletion in all SPPV isolates. Additionally, the RPO30 gene of the Indian SPPV and GTPV isolates possessed several species-specific conserved signature residues/motifs that could act as genotyping markers. Secondary structure analysis of the RPO30 protein showed four α-helices, two loops, and three turns, similar to that of the E4L protein of vaccinia virus (VACV). All the isolates in the present study exhibited host preferences across different states of India. Therefore, in order to protect vulnerable small ruminants from poxviral infections, it is recommended to take into consideration a homologous vaccination strategy.
摘要：
羊痘和山痘是绵羊和山羊的跨界病毒性疾病，给全世界的小农户和边缘农户造成重大的经济损失。包括印度。Capripoxvirus（CaPV）属的成员，即羊痘病毒(SPPV)，山羊痘病毒(GTPV)和块状皮肤病病毒（LSDV），在抗原上相似，和物种分化只能用分子方法完成。本研究旨在通过对RNA聚合酶亚基30kDa（RPO30）基因的测序和结构分析，了解印度流行的SPPV和GTPV的分子流行病学和宿主特异性。在2015年至2023年期间，根据全长RPO30基因/蛋白质的序列和结构，对来自印度不同地理区域的绵羊（n=19）和山羊（n=10）的总共29个田间分离株进行了分析。系统发育,所有CaPV分离株都分为三个主要簇：SPPV，GTPV,LSDV多序列比对揭示了一个高度保守的RPO30基因,在所有SPPV分离物中有一段21个核苷酸的缺失。此外,印度SPPV和GTPV分离株的RPO30基因具有几个物种特异性保守的特征残基/基序，可以用作基因分型标记。RPO30蛋白的二级结构分析显示四个α-螺旋，两个循环，三圈，与痘苗病毒（VACV）的E4L蛋白相似。本研究中的所有分离株都表现出印度不同州的宿主偏好。因此,为了保护脆弱的小反刍动物免受痘病毒感染，建议考虑同源疫苗接种策略.
