Abstract：
Urban streams that receive untreated domestic and hospital waste can transmit infectious diseases and spread drug residues, including antimicrobials, which can then increase the selection of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Here, water samples were collected from three different urban streams in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, to relate their range of Water Quality Indices (WQIs) to the diversity and composition of aquatic microbial taxa, virulence genes (virulome), and antimicrobial resistance determinants (resistome), all assessed using untargeted metagenome sequencing. There was a predominance of phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes in all samples, and Pseudomonas was the most abundant detected genus. Virulence genes associated with motility, adherence, and secretion systems were highly abundant and mainly associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, some opportunistic pathogenic genera had negative correlations with WQI. Many clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and efflux pump-encoding genes that confer resistance to critically important antimicrobials were detected. The highest relative abundances of ARGs were β-lactams and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin. No statistically supported relationship was detected between the abundance of virulome/resistome and collection type/WQI. On the other hand, total solids were a weak predictor of gene abundance patterns. These results provide insights into various microbial outcomes given urban stream quality and point to its ecological complexity. In addition, this study suggests potential consequences for human health as mediated by aquatic microbial communities responding to typical urban outputs.
摘要：
接受未经处理的生活和医院废物的城市溪流可以传播传染病和传播药物残留，包括抗菌药物,这可以增加抗微生物细菌的选择。这里,从圣保罗州的三个不同的城市溪流中收集水样，巴西,将它们的水质指数（WQI）范围与水生微生物类群的多样性和组成联系起来，毒力基因（病毒组），和抗菌素耐药性决定因素(耐药性)，所有使用非靶向宏基因组测序进行评估。门变形菌占优势，放线菌,和所有样本中的拟杆菌,假单胞菌属是检测到的最丰富的属。与运动性相关的毒力基因，坚持,分泌系统丰富，主要与铜绿假单胞菌有关。此外，一些机会致病属与WQI呈负相关。检测到许多临床相关的抗微生物药物抗性基因（ARGs）和外排泵编码基因，这些基因赋予对至关重要的抗微生物药物的抗性。ARG的相对丰度最高的是β-内酰胺和大环内酯-lincosamide-链脲酶。在病毒组/抗性组的丰度与收集类型/WQI之间未检测到统计学支持的关系。另一方面,总固体是基因丰度模式的弱预测因子。这些结果为城市河流质量提供了对各种微生物结果的见解，并指出了其生态复杂性。此外,这项研究表明，水生微生物群落响应典型的城市产出，对人类健康产生潜在影响。
