Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot (ChatGPT-3.5, OpenAI) on preoperative anxiety reduction and patient satisfaction in adult patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia.
METHODS: The study used a single-blind, randomized controlled trial design.
METHODS: In this study, 100 adult patients were enrolled and divided into two groups: 50 in the control group, in which patients received standard preoperative information from anesthesia nurses, and 50 in the intervention group, in which patients interacted with ChatGPT. The primary outcome, preoperative anxiety reduction, was measured using the Japanese State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) self-report questionnaire. The secondary endpoints included participant satisfaction (Q1), comprehension of the treatment process (Q2), and the perception of the AI chatbot\'s responses as more relevant than those of the nurses (Q3).
RESULTS: Of the 85 participants who completed the study, the STAI scores in the control group remained stable, whereas those in the intervention group decreased. The mixed-effects model showed significant effects of time and group-time interaction on the STAI scores; however, no main group effect was observed. The secondary endpoints revealed mixed results; some patients found that the chatbot\'s responses were more relevant, whereas others were dissatisfied or experienced difficulties.
CONCLUSIONS: The ChatGPT intervention significantly reduced preoperative anxiety compared with the control group; however, no overall difference in the STAI scores was observed. The mixed secondary endpoint results highlight the need for refining chatbot algorithms and knowledge bases to improve performance and satisfaction. AI chatbots should complement, rather than replace, human health care providers. Seamless integration and effective communication among AI chatbots, patients, and health care providers are essential for optimizing patient outcomes.
METHODS: The study used a single-blind, randomized controlled trial design.
METHODS: In this study, 100 adult patients were enrolled and divided into two groups: 50 in the control group, in which patients received standard preoperative information from anesthesia nurses, and 50 in the intervention group, in which patients interacted with ChatGPT. The primary outcome, preoperative anxiety reduction, was measured using the Japanese State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) self-report questionnaire. The secondary endpoints included participant satisfaction (Q1), comprehension of the treatment process (Q2), and the perception of the AI chatbot\'s responses as more relevant than those of the nurses (Q3).
RESULTS: Of the 85 participants who completed the study, the STAI scores in the control group remained stable, whereas those in the intervention group decreased. The mixed-effects model showed significant effects of time and group-time interaction on the STAI scores; however, no main group effect was observed. The secondary endpoints revealed mixed results; some patients found that the chatbot\'s responses were more relevant, whereas others were dissatisfied or experienced difficulties.
CONCLUSIONS: The ChatGPT intervention significantly reduced preoperative anxiety compared with the control group; however, no overall difference in the STAI scores was observed. The mixed secondary endpoint results highlight the need for refining chatbot algorithms and knowledge bases to improve performance and satisfaction. AI chatbots should complement, rather than replace, human health care providers. Seamless integration and effective communication among AI chatbots, patients, and health care providers are essential for optimizing patient outcomes.
摘要：
目的：本研究旨在评估人工智能（AI）聊天机器人（ChatGPT-3.5，OpenAI）对全身麻醉下接受手术的成年患者术前焦虑减轻和患者满意度的影响。
方法：该研究使用单盲，随机对照试验设计。
方法：在本研究中，将100例成年患者纳入研究，分为两组：对照组50例，患者接受麻醉护士的标准术前信息，干预组50人，患者与ChatGPT互动。主要结果，术前焦虑减轻，使用日本国家特质焦虑量表(STAI)自我报告问卷进行测量。次要终点包括参与者满意度(Q1)，对治疗过程的理解（Q2），以及对AI聊天机器人的反应的感知比护士的反应更相关（Q3）。
结果：在完成研究的85名参与者中，对照组的STAI评分保持稳定，而干预组的下降。混合效应模型显示了时间和群体时间相互作用对STAI得分的显着影响；然而，未观察到主要组效应。次要终点显示混合结果；一些患者发现聊天机器人的反应更相关，而其他人不满意或经历了困难。
结论：与对照组相比，ChatGPT干预显著降低了术前焦虑；没有观察到STAI评分的总体差异.混合次要端点结果强调需要改进聊天机器人算法和知识库，以提高性能和满意度。人工智能聊天机器人应该补充，而不是取代，人类卫生保健提供者。AI聊天机器人之间的无缝集成和有效沟通，病人,和医疗保健提供者对于优化患者结果至关重要。
方法：该研究使用单盲，随机对照试验设计。
方法：在本研究中，将100例成年患者纳入研究，分为两组：对照组50例，患者接受麻醉护士的标准术前信息，干预组50人，患者与ChatGPT互动。主要结果，术前焦虑减轻，使用日本国家特质焦虑量表(STAI)自我报告问卷进行测量。次要终点包括参与者满意度(Q1)，对治疗过程的理解（Q2），以及对AI聊天机器人的反应的感知比护士的反应更相关（Q3）。
结果：在完成研究的85名参与者中，对照组的STAI评分保持稳定，而干预组的下降。混合效应模型显示了时间和群体时间相互作用对STAI得分的显着影响；然而，未观察到主要组效应。次要终点显示混合结果；一些患者发现聊天机器人的反应更相关，而其他人不满意或经历了困难。
结论：与对照组相比，ChatGPT干预显著降低了术前焦虑；没有观察到STAI评分的总体差异.混合次要端点结果强调需要改进聊天机器人算法和知识库，以提高性能和满意度。人工智能聊天机器人应该补充，而不是取代，人类卫生保健提供者。AI聊天机器人之间的无缝集成和有效沟通，病人,和医疗保健提供者对于优化患者结果至关重要。
