Abstract：
Vertebrate species worldwide are currently facing significant declines in many populations. Although we have gained substantial knowledge about the direct threats that affect individual species, these threats only represent a fraction of the broader vertebrate threat profile, which is also shaped by species interactions. For example, threats faced by prey species can jeopardize the survival of their predators due to food resource scarcity. Yet, indirect threats arising from species interactions have received limited investigation thus far. In this study, we investigate the indirect consequences of anthropogenic threats on biodiversity in the context of European vertebrate food webs. We integrated data on trophic interactions among over 800 terrestrial vertebrates, along with their associated human-induced threats. We quantified and mapped the vulnerability of various components of the food web, including species, interactions, and trophic groups to six major threats: pollution, agricultural intensification, climate change, direct exploitation, urbanization, and invasive alien species and diseases. Direct exploitation and agricultural intensification were two major threats for terrestrial vertebrate food webs: affecting 34% and 31% of species, respectively, they threaten 85% and 69% of interactions in Europe. By integrating network ecology with threat impact assessments, our study contributes to a better understanding of the magnitude of anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity.
摘要：
目前，世界范围内的脊椎动物物种正面临许多种群的显着下降。尽管我们已经获得了有关影响单个物种的直接威胁的大量知识，这些威胁只代表了更广泛的脊椎动物威胁的一小部分，这也是由物种相互作用形成的。例如,由于食物资源短缺，猎物物种面临的威胁可能会危及其捕食者的生存。然而，迄今为止，物种相互作用引起的间接威胁受到的调查有限。在这项研究中,我们调查了在欧洲脊椎动物食物网背景下人为威胁对生物多样性的间接后果。我们整合了800多种陆生脊椎动物营养相互作用的数据，以及它们相关的人为威胁。我们量化并绘制了食物网各个组成部分的脆弱性，包括物种,互动,和营养类群面临六大威胁:污染，农业集约化,气候变化,直接开采,城市化,外来入侵物种和疾病。直接开发和农业集约化是陆地脊椎动物食物网的两大威胁：影响到34%和31%的物种，分别,它们威胁到欧洲85%和69%的互动。通过将网络生态与威胁影响评估相结合，我们的研究有助于更好地理解人为对生物多样性的影响。
