Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a frequent complication of advanced malignancies. In this pilot study, we characterized the immune landscapes of MPEs, compared them to their primary tumor (PT) samples from breast carcinoma (BC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LADC), and tested the utility of multiplexed image technology in cytological samples.
METHODS: We evaluated the immune contexture of 6 BC and 5 LADC MPEs and their PTs using 3 multiplex immunofluorescence panels. We explored the associations between sample characteristics and pleural effusion-free survival.
RESULTS: No MPE samples had positive programmed death-ligand 1 expression in malignant cells, although 3 of 11 PTs has positive programmed death-ligand 1 expression (more than 1% expression in malignant cells). Overall, in LADC samples, cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3)+ T cells and CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells predominated (median percentages for MPEs versus PTs: 45.6% versus 40.7% and 4.7% versus 6.6%, respectively) compared with BC. CD68+ macrophages predominated in the BC samples (medians for MPEs 61.2% versus PTs for 57.1%) but not in the LADC samples. Generally in PTs, CD3+CD8+ forkhead box P3+ T cells and the median distances from the malignant cells to CD3+CD8+Ki67+ and CD3+ programmed cell death protein 1 + T cells correlated to earlier MPE after PT diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS: The immune cell phenotypes in the MPEs and PTs were similar within each cancer type but different between BC versus LADC. An MPE analysis can potentially be used as a substitute for a PT analysis, but an expanded study of this topic is essential.
METHODS: We evaluated the immune contexture of 6 BC and 5 LADC MPEs and their PTs using 3 multiplex immunofluorescence panels. We explored the associations between sample characteristics and pleural effusion-free survival.
RESULTS: No MPE samples had positive programmed death-ligand 1 expression in malignant cells, although 3 of 11 PTs has positive programmed death-ligand 1 expression (more than 1% expression in malignant cells). Overall, in LADC samples, cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3)+ T cells and CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells predominated (median percentages for MPEs versus PTs: 45.6% versus 40.7% and 4.7% versus 6.6%, respectively) compared with BC. CD68+ macrophages predominated in the BC samples (medians for MPEs 61.2% versus PTs for 57.1%) but not in the LADC samples. Generally in PTs, CD3+CD8+ forkhead box P3+ T cells and the median distances from the malignant cells to CD3+CD8+Ki67+ and CD3+ programmed cell death protein 1 + T cells correlated to earlier MPE after PT diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS: The immune cell phenotypes in the MPEs and PTs were similar within each cancer type but different between BC versus LADC. An MPE analysis can potentially be used as a substitute for a PT analysis, but an expanded study of this topic is essential.
摘要：
背景：恶性胸腔积液（MPE）是晚期恶性肿瘤的常见并发症。在这项试点研究中，我们表征了MPE的免疫景观，将它们与乳腺癌（BC）和肺腺癌（LADC）的原发肿瘤（PT）样本进行比较，并测试了多重图像技术在细胞学样本中的实用性。
方法：我们使用3个多重免疫荧光小组评估了6BC和5个LADCMPE及其PT的免疫背景。我们探讨了样本特征与无胸腔积液生存率之间的关系。
结果：在恶性细胞中没有MPE样本具有阳性的程序性死亡-配体1表达，尽管11种PT中有3种程序性死亡配体1表达阳性（在恶性细胞中表达超过1％）。总的来说,在LADC样本中，分化簇3（CD3）T细胞和CD3CD8细胞毒性T细胞占主导地位（MPE与PT的中位数百分比：45.6％对40.7％和4.7％对6.6％，分别)与BC相比。CD68+巨噬细胞在BC样品中占主导地位(MPE61.2%对PT57.1%),但在LADC样品中没有。一般来说，在PT中，CD3+CD8+叉头盒P3+T细胞和从恶性细胞到CD3+CD8+Ki67+和CD3+程序性细胞死亡蛋白1+T细胞的中值距离与PT诊断后早期MPE相关。
结论：MPE和PT的免疫细胞表型在每种癌症类型中相似，但BC与LADC之间不同。MPE分析可以潜在地用作PT分析的替代品，但是对这个主题的扩大研究是必不可少的。
方法：我们使用3个多重免疫荧光小组评估了6BC和5个LADCMPE及其PT的免疫背景。我们探讨了样本特征与无胸腔积液生存率之间的关系。
结果：在恶性细胞中没有MPE样本具有阳性的程序性死亡-配体1表达，尽管11种PT中有3种程序性死亡配体1表达阳性（在恶性细胞中表达超过1％）。总的来说,在LADC样本中，分化簇3（CD3）T细胞和CD3CD8细胞毒性T细胞占主导地位（MPE与PT的中位数百分比：45.6％对40.7％和4.7％对6.6％，分别)与BC相比。CD68+巨噬细胞在BC样品中占主导地位(MPE61.2%对PT57.1%),但在LADC样品中没有。一般来说，在PT中，CD3+CD8+叉头盒P3+T细胞和从恶性细胞到CD3+CD8+Ki67+和CD3+程序性细胞死亡蛋白1+T细胞的中值距离与PT诊断后早期MPE相关。
结论：MPE和PT的免疫细胞表型在每种癌症类型中相似，但BC与LADC之间不同。MPE分析可以潜在地用作PT分析的替代品，但是对这个主题的扩大研究是必不可少的。
