Abstract：
Anger is an unpleasant emotion that most people want to get rid of. Some anger management activities focus on decreasing arousal (e.g., deep breathing, mindfulness, meditation), whereas others focus on increasing arousal (e.g., hitting a bag, jogging, cycling). This meta-analytic review, based on 154 studies including 184 independent samples involving 10,189 participants, tested the effectiveness of both types of activities. The results indicated that arousal-decreasing activities decreased anger and aggression (g = -0.63, [-0.82, -0.43]), and the results were robust. Effects were stable over time for participants of different genders, races, ages, and cultures. Arousal-decreasing activities were effective in students and non-students, in criminal offenders and non-offenders, and in individuals with and without intellectual disabilities. Arousal-decreasing activities were effective regardless of how they were delivered (e.g., digital platforms, researchers, therapists), in both group and individual sessions, and in both field and laboratory settings. In contrast, arousal-increasing activities were ineffective overall (g = -0.02, [-0.13, 0.09]) and were heterogenous and complex. These findings do not support the ideas that venting anger or going for a run are effective anger management activities. A more effective approach for managing anger is \"turning down the heat\" or calming down by engaging in activities that decrease arousal.
摘要：
愤怒是一种不愉快的情绪，大多数人都想摆脱它。一些愤怒管理活动侧重于减少唤醒(例如，深呼吸,正念,冥想)，而其他人则专注于增加唤醒(例如，打一个袋子,慢跑,骑自行车)。这篇荟萃分析综述，基于154项研究，包括184个独立样本，涉及10189名参与者，测试了两种活动的有效性。结果表明，觉醒减少活动减少愤怒和侵略（g=-0.63，[-0.82，-0.43]），结果是稳健的。随着时间的推移，不同性别的参与者的效果是稳定的，种族,年龄,和文化。觉醒减少活动对学生和非学生有效，在刑事罪犯和非罪犯中，以及有和没有智力障碍的个人。觉醒减少活动是有效的，无论它们是如何传递的(例如，数字平台,研究人员,治疗师)，在小组和个人会议中，在现场和实验室设置。相比之下,增加唤醒的活动总体上无效(g=-0.02,[-0.13,0.09]),并且具有异质性和复杂性.这些发现不支持发泄愤怒或跑步是有效的愤怒管理活动的观点。管理愤怒的一种更有效的方法是“降低热度”或通过参与减少唤醒的活动来平静下来。
