Abstract：
The oral cavity harbors a diverse and dynamic bacterial biofilm community which is pivotal to oral health maintenance and, if turning dysbiotic, can contribute to various diseases. Glycans as unsurpassed carriers of biological information are participating in underlying processes that shape oral health and disease. Bacterial glycoinfrastructure-encompassing compounds as diverse as glycoproteins, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), cell wall glycopolymers, and exopolysaccharides-is well known to influence bacterial fitness, with direct effects on bacterial physiology, immunogenicity, lifestyle, and interaction and colonization capabilities. Thus, understanding oral bacterias\' glycoinfrastructure and encoded glycolanguage is key to elucidating their pathogenicity mechanisms and developing targeted strategies for therapeutic intervention. Driven by their known immunological role, most research in oral glycobiology has been directed onto LPSs, whereas, recently, glycoproteins have been gaining increased interest. This review draws a multifaceted picture of the glycolanguage, with a focus on glycoproteins, manifested in prominent oral bacteria, such as streptococci, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. We first define the characteristics of the different glycoconjugate classes and then summarize the current status of knowledge of the structural diversity of glycoconjugates produced by oral bacteria, describe governing biosynthetic pathways, and list biological roles of these energetically costly compounds. Additionally, we highlight emerging research on the unraveling impact of oral glycoinfrastructure on dental caries, periodontitis, and systemic conditions. By integrating current knowledge and identifying knowledge gaps, this review underscores the importance of studying the glycolanguage oral bacteria speak to advance our understanding of oral microbiology and develop novel antimicrobials.
摘要：
口腔拥有多样化和动态的细菌生物膜群落，这对口腔健康维护至关重要，如果变成生态失调，会导致各种疾病。聚糖作为生物信息的无与伦比的载体正在参与塑造口腔健康和疾病的潜在过程。包含细菌糖基础设施的化合物，如糖蛋白，脂多糖（LPSs），细胞壁的糖共聚物，和胞外多糖-众所周知会影响细菌的健康，对细菌生理有直接影响，免疫原性,生活方式,以及互动和殖民能力。因此，了解口腔细菌的糖基础结构和编码糖语是阐明其致病机制和制定治疗干预的针对性策略的关键。在它们已知的免疫作用的驱使下，大多数口服糖生物学研究都是针对LPS的，然而,最近,糖蛋白已经获得越来越多的兴趣。这篇评论从多方面描绘了糖语，专注于糖蛋白，表现为突出的口腔细菌，如链球菌，牙龈卟啉单胞菌,连翘坦菌,和具核梭杆菌.我们首先定义不同糖缀合物类别的特征，然后总结口腔细菌产生的糖缀合物结构多样性的知识现状，描述控制生物合成途径，列出这些能源昂贵的化合物的生物学作用。此外,我们强调关于口服糖基础设施对龋齿的影响的新兴研究，牙周炎,和系统条件。通过整合当前知识并确定知识差距，这篇综述强调了研究口腔细菌的重要性，以促进我们对口腔微生物学的理解并开发新型抗菌药物。
