Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate stereopsis in term-born, preterm, and preterm children with and without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and its treatment.
METHODS: The cross-sectional study included 322 children between 3 and 11 years of age born term or preterm, with or without ROP, and with or without treatment for ROP. The ROP treatments were laser therapy, intravitreal injection (IVI) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, or their combination. Stereoacuity was measured using the Titmus Stereo Test, and the results among various age groups were analyzed.
RESULTS: Stereopsis was found to improve with increasing age at testing (P < 0.001) across the entire study population. The term group exhibited significantly better stereoacuity than the preterm group (P < 0.001). At 3-5 years and 6-8 years, the preterm children without ROP exhibited significantly better stereoacuity than did those with ROP (P < 0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively); however, at 9-11 years, both groups exhibited similar stereoacuity (P = 0.34). The stereoacuity in the children with untreated ROP was similar to that of the children with treated ROP in all age groups (P > 0.05). No significant differences in stereopsis were identified between children with ROP treated with laser versus with IVI (P > 0.05). From multivariate analysis, younger age at testing (P = 0.001) and younger gestational age (P < 0.001) were associated with poorer stereopsis.
CONCLUSIONS: Stereopsis development gradually improved with age in all groups. The children born preterm exhibited poorer stereoacuity than those born term. Children with ROP treated with laser photocoagulation versus IVI may exhibit similar levels of stereoacuity. Younger age at testing and gestational age were independent risk factors for poorer stereoacuity.
METHODS: The cross-sectional study included 322 children between 3 and 11 years of age born term or preterm, with or without ROP, and with or without treatment for ROP. The ROP treatments were laser therapy, intravitreal injection (IVI) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, or their combination. Stereoacuity was measured using the Titmus Stereo Test, and the results among various age groups were analyzed.
RESULTS: Stereopsis was found to improve with increasing age at testing (P < 0.001) across the entire study population. The term group exhibited significantly better stereoacuity than the preterm group (P < 0.001). At 3-5 years and 6-8 years, the preterm children without ROP exhibited significantly better stereoacuity than did those with ROP (P < 0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively); however, at 9-11 years, both groups exhibited similar stereoacuity (P = 0.34). The stereoacuity in the children with untreated ROP was similar to that of the children with treated ROP in all age groups (P > 0.05). No significant differences in stereopsis were identified between children with ROP treated with laser versus with IVI (P > 0.05). From multivariate analysis, younger age at testing (P = 0.001) and younger gestational age (P < 0.001) were associated with poorer stereopsis.
CONCLUSIONS: Stereopsis development gradually improved with age in all groups. The children born preterm exhibited poorer stereoacuity than those born term. Children with ROP treated with laser photocoagulation versus IVI may exhibit similar levels of stereoacuity. Younger age at testing and gestational age were independent risk factors for poorer stereoacuity.
摘要：
目的：评估足月出生的立体视早产,以及有和没有早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）的早产儿及其治疗。
方法：横断面研究包括322名3至11岁的足月或早产儿童，有或没有ROP，有或没有ROP治疗。ROP治疗是激光治疗，玻璃体内注射抗血管内皮生长因子，或他们的组合。使用Titmus立体测试测量立体敏锐度，并对各年龄组的结果进行了分析。
结果：发现在整个研究人群中，随着测试年龄的增加，立体视觉得到改善（P<0.001）。足月组的立体视敏度明显优于早产组（P<0.001）。在3-5年和6-8年，无ROP的早产儿的立体视力明显优于有ROP的早产儿(分别为P<0.001和P=0.02);在9-11岁，两组的立体视敏度相似(P=0.34).在所有年龄组中，未经治疗的ROP儿童的立体敏锐度与经治疗的ROP儿童的立体敏锐度相似（P>0.05）。激光治疗ROP患儿与IVI患儿相比，立体视差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。根据多变量分析，测试年龄较小(P=0.001)和胎龄较小(P<0.001)与较差的立体视觉相关.
结论：随着年龄的增长，各组立体发育逐渐改善。早产儿的立体视敏度比早产儿差。与IVI相比，接受激光光凝治疗的ROP儿童可能表现出相似的立体敏锐度水平。测试年龄和胎龄较小是立体视力较差的独立危险因素。
方法：横断面研究包括322名3至11岁的足月或早产儿童，有或没有ROP，有或没有ROP治疗。ROP治疗是激光治疗，玻璃体内注射抗血管内皮生长因子，或他们的组合。使用Titmus立体测试测量立体敏锐度，并对各年龄组的结果进行了分析。
结果：发现在整个研究人群中，随着测试年龄的增加，立体视觉得到改善（P<0.001）。足月组的立体视敏度明显优于早产组（P<0.001）。在3-5年和6-8年，无ROP的早产儿的立体视力明显优于有ROP的早产儿(分别为P<0.001和P=0.02);在9-11岁，两组的立体视敏度相似(P=0.34).在所有年龄组中，未经治疗的ROP儿童的立体敏锐度与经治疗的ROP儿童的立体敏锐度相似（P>0.05）。激光治疗ROP患儿与IVI患儿相比，立体视差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。根据多变量分析，测试年龄较小(P=0.001)和胎龄较小(P<0.001)与较差的立体视觉相关.
结论：随着年龄的增长，各组立体发育逐渐改善。早产儿的立体视敏度比早产儿差。与IVI相比，接受激光光凝治疗的ROP儿童可能表现出相似的立体敏锐度水平。测试年龄和胎龄较小是立体视力较差的独立危险因素。
