PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Although numerous psychological determinants of sports success have been identified in the scientific literature, research on the contribution of mindfulness and interoceptive awareness to sports achievements remains limited. This study investigates the relationship between self-reported mental skills determining sports success (i.e., flow state, attention, technique, sensitivity to error, commitment, and achievement), state mindfulness for physical activity (of the mind and the body), and interoceptive awareness (including scales of noticing, not distracting, not worrying, attention regulation, emotional awareness, self-regulation, body listening, and trusting).
METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted on a sample of elite athletes in speed skating (n = 54) and university students of physical education (n = 102) representing various sports disciplines and competitive levels. The Sports Success Scale (SSS), the State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity (SMS-PA), and the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA-2) were used to assess psychological determinants of athletic achievements, state mindfulness, and interoceptive sensitivity, respectively.
RESULTS: Our findings indicate some small-to-moderate differences in particular dimensions of psychological traits related to sports success, mindfulness, and interoceptive awareness between athletes of different genders, groups, and competitive levels. A chain mediation model showed that the relationship between body mindfulness and psychological variables determining sports success is fully explained by two dimensions of interoception: self-regulation and attention regulation.
CONCLUSIONS: Cultivating the mindfulness state of the body can improve self-regulation and attention regulation, which in turn may increase the mental skills required for successful sports participation. Therefore, mental training should focus primarily on body mindfulness, attention regulation, and self-regulation to improve the mental skills responsible for athletes\' sports achievements. In addition, individual differences in athletes\' gender, sports discipline, and level of sports competition should be considered during mental training.
METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted on a sample of elite athletes in speed skating (n = 54) and university students of physical education (n = 102) representing various sports disciplines and competitive levels. The Sports Success Scale (SSS), the State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity (SMS-PA), and the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA-2) were used to assess psychological determinants of athletic achievements, state mindfulness, and interoceptive sensitivity, respectively.
RESULTS: Our findings indicate some small-to-moderate differences in particular dimensions of psychological traits related to sports success, mindfulness, and interoceptive awareness between athletes of different genders, groups, and competitive levels. A chain mediation model showed that the relationship between body mindfulness and psychological variables determining sports success is fully explained by two dimensions of interoception: self-regulation and attention regulation.
CONCLUSIONS: Cultivating the mindfulness state of the body can improve self-regulation and attention regulation, which in turn may increase the mental skills required for successful sports participation. Therefore, mental training should focus primarily on body mindfulness, attention regulation, and self-regulation to improve the mental skills responsible for athletes\' sports achievements. In addition, individual differences in athletes\' gender, sports discipline, and level of sports competition should be considered during mental training.
摘要：
背景：尽管在科学文献中已经确定了许多运动成功的心理决定因素，关于正念和互感意识对运动成就的贡献的研究仍然有限。这项研究调查了自我报告的心理技能决定运动成功之间的关系(即，流动状态,注意,技术，对错误的敏感性，承诺,和成就)，状态正念的身体活动（的头脑和身体），和相互感受的意识(包括注意的尺度，不分心,不用担心,注意调节，情感意识，自我调节,身体倾听，和信任)。
方法：对代表不同体育学科和竞技水平的速度滑冰优秀运动员（n=54）和体育教育大学生（n=102）的样本进行了横断面在线调查。体育成功量表(SSS)身体活动状态正念量表(SMS-PA)，并使用多维度感受意识评估（MAIA-2）来评估运动成绩的心理决定因素，状态正念，和相互感受的敏感性，分别。
结果：我们的研究结果表明，与运动成功相关的心理特征的特定维度存在一些小到中等的差异，正念,以及不同性别运动员之间的相互感受意识，groups,竞争水平。连锁调解模型表明，身体正念与决定运动成功的心理变量之间的关系可以通过两个相互感觉维度充分解释：自我调节和注意力调节。
结论:培养身体的正念状态可以改善自我调节和注意力调节,这反过来可能会增加成功参与体育运动所需的心理技能。因此,心理训练应该主要集中在身体正念上，注意调节，和自我调节，以提高对运动员运动成绩负责的心理技能。此外,运动员性别的个体差异，体育学科,在心理训练中应考虑体育比赛的水平。
方法：对代表不同体育学科和竞技水平的速度滑冰优秀运动员（n=54）和体育教育大学生（n=102）的样本进行了横断面在线调查。体育成功量表(SSS)身体活动状态正念量表(SMS-PA)，并使用多维度感受意识评估（MAIA-2）来评估运动成绩的心理决定因素，状态正念，和相互感受的敏感性，分别。
结果：我们的研究结果表明，与运动成功相关的心理特征的特定维度存在一些小到中等的差异，正念,以及不同性别运动员之间的相互感受意识，groups,竞争水平。连锁调解模型表明，身体正念与决定运动成功的心理变量之间的关系可以通过两个相互感觉维度充分解释：自我调节和注意力调节。
结论:培养身体的正念状态可以改善自我调节和注意力调节,这反过来可能会增加成功参与体育运动所需的心理技能。因此,心理训练应该主要集中在身体正念上，注意调节，和自我调节，以提高对运动员运动成绩负责的心理技能。此外,运动员性别的个体差异，体育学科,在心理训练中应考虑体育比赛的水平。
