PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Sulfur mustard (SM) exposure causes acute and chronic respiratory diseases. The extent of small airway dysfunction (SAD) in individuals exposed to SM is unclear. This study evaluated and compared SAD in SM-exposed and SM-unexposed participants using noninvasive lung function tests assessing small airway function.
UNASSIGNED: This retrospective cohort study involved SM-exposed (n = 15, mean age: 53 ± 8 years) and SM-unexposed (n = 15, mean age: 53 ± 7 years) Kurdish-Swedish individuals in Sweden. Small airway resistance and reactance were assessed using impulse oscillometry (IOS). Nitrogen (N2) multiple breath washout (MBW) was employed to assess lung ventilation heterogeneity. The gas-exchanging capacity of the lungs was assessed using the diffusing capacity of the lungs for the carbon monoxide (DLCO) test. Lung function outcomes were reported as absolute values and z-scores. Group comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test.
UNASSIGNED: No statistically significant differences in age, height, or body mass index were observed between the two groups. IOS showed significantly increased small airway resistance, while N2MBW exhibited significantly increased global and acinar ventilation heterogeneity in SM-exposed individuals compared to that in unexposed individuals. SAD was identified in 14 of 15 SM-exposed individuals, defined as at least one abnormal IOS difference between resistance at 5 and 20 Hz (R5-R20) and/or area of reactance (AX) or N2MBW lung\'s acinar zone (Sacin), and DLCO adjusted to the alveolar volume (DLCO/VA) outcome. Of these 14 individuals, only 5 demonstrated concordant findings across the IOS and N2MBW tests.
UNASSIGNED: Exposure to SM was positively associated with long-term impairment of respiratory tract function in the small airways in the majority of the previously SM-exposed individuals in the present study. Furthermore, both IOS and N2MBW should be employed to detect SAD in SM-exposed survivors as they provide complementary information. Identifying and characterizing the remaining pathology of the small airways in survivors of SM exposure is a first step toward improved treatment and follow-up.
UNASSIGNED: This retrospective cohort study involved SM-exposed (n = 15, mean age: 53 ± 8 years) and SM-unexposed (n = 15, mean age: 53 ± 7 years) Kurdish-Swedish individuals in Sweden. Small airway resistance and reactance were assessed using impulse oscillometry (IOS). Nitrogen (N2) multiple breath washout (MBW) was employed to assess lung ventilation heterogeneity. The gas-exchanging capacity of the lungs was assessed using the diffusing capacity of the lungs for the carbon monoxide (DLCO) test. Lung function outcomes were reported as absolute values and z-scores. Group comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test.
UNASSIGNED: No statistically significant differences in age, height, or body mass index were observed between the two groups. IOS showed significantly increased small airway resistance, while N2MBW exhibited significantly increased global and acinar ventilation heterogeneity in SM-exposed individuals compared to that in unexposed individuals. SAD was identified in 14 of 15 SM-exposed individuals, defined as at least one abnormal IOS difference between resistance at 5 and 20 Hz (R5-R20) and/or area of reactance (AX) or N2MBW lung\'s acinar zone (Sacin), and DLCO adjusted to the alveolar volume (DLCO/VA) outcome. Of these 14 individuals, only 5 demonstrated concordant findings across the IOS and N2MBW tests.
UNASSIGNED: Exposure to SM was positively associated with long-term impairment of respiratory tract function in the small airways in the majority of the previously SM-exposed individuals in the present study. Furthermore, both IOS and N2MBW should be employed to detect SAD in SM-exposed survivors as they provide complementary information. Identifying and characterizing the remaining pathology of the small airways in survivors of SM exposure is a first step toward improved treatment and follow-up.
摘要：
■芥子气（SM）暴露会导致急性和慢性呼吸道疾病。暴露于SM的个体的小气道功能障碍（SAD）的程度尚不清楚。本研究使用无创肺功能测试评估小气道功能，评估并比较了SM暴露和SM未暴露参与者的SAD。
■这项回顾性队列研究涉及暴露于SM（n=15，平均年龄：53±8岁）和未暴露于SM（n=15，平均年龄：53±7岁）的瑞典库尔德瑞典人。使用脉冲振荡法（IOS）评估小气道阻力和电抗。采用氮气(N2)多次呼气冲洗(MBW)来评估肺通气异质性。使用用于一氧化碳(DLCO)测试的肺的扩散能力来评估肺的气体交换能力。肺功能结果报告为绝对值和z评分。使用Mann-WhitneyU检验进行分组比较。
■年龄无统计学差异，高度,观察两组之间的体重指数。IOS显示小气道阻力显著增加，与未暴露个体相比，暴露于SM的个体中的N2MBW表现出显着增加的整体和腺泡通气异质性。在15个SM暴露个体中的14个中发现了SAD，定义为在5和20Hz(R5-R20)和/或电抗面积(AX)或N2MBW肺腺泡区(Sacin)下电阻之间至少有一个异常IOS差异,和DLCO调整到肺泡容积（DLCO/VA）的结果。在这14个人中，在IOS和N2MBW测试中,只有5例表现出一致的结果.
■在本研究中，大多数先前暴露于SM的个体中，暴露于SM与小气道中呼吸道功能的长期损害呈正相关。此外，IOS和N2MBW都应用于在SM暴露幸存者中检测SAD，因为它们提供了补充信息。识别和表征SM暴露幸存者中小气道的剩余病理是改善治疗和随访的第一步。
■这项回顾性队列研究涉及暴露于SM（n=15，平均年龄：53±8岁）和未暴露于SM（n=15，平均年龄：53±7岁）的瑞典库尔德瑞典人。使用脉冲振荡法（IOS）评估小气道阻力和电抗。采用氮气(N2)多次呼气冲洗(MBW)来评估肺通气异质性。使用用于一氧化碳(DLCO)测试的肺的扩散能力来评估肺的气体交换能力。肺功能结果报告为绝对值和z评分。使用Mann-WhitneyU检验进行分组比较。
■年龄无统计学差异，高度,观察两组之间的体重指数。IOS显示小气道阻力显著增加，与未暴露个体相比，暴露于SM的个体中的N2MBW表现出显着增加的整体和腺泡通气异质性。在15个SM暴露个体中的14个中发现了SAD，定义为在5和20Hz(R5-R20)和/或电抗面积(AX)或N2MBW肺腺泡区(Sacin)下电阻之间至少有一个异常IOS差异,和DLCO调整到肺泡容积（DLCO/VA）的结果。在这14个人中，在IOS和N2MBW测试中,只有5例表现出一致的结果.
■在本研究中，大多数先前暴露于SM的个体中，暴露于SM与小气道中呼吸道功能的长期损害呈正相关。此外，IOS和N2MBW都应用于在SM暴露幸存者中检测SAD，因为它们提供了补充信息。识别和表征SM暴露幸存者中小气道的剩余病理是改善治疗和随访的第一步。
