Abstract：
Previous studies on exposure to violence lack a nuanced understanding of the causal effects of different exposure types on offending behaviors. This study, drawing on Pathways to Desistance Study (PDS) data tracking 1354 adjudicated youths aged 14-18 over 7 years, explores the contemporaneous (cross-sectional), acute (after 1 year), enduring (after 3 years), and long-term (after 6 years) causal effects of violence exposure on property and violent offending. The sample, predominantly male (86%), consisted of White (20%), Black (42%), and other (38%) individuals. The generalized propensity score is used to match unbalanced covariates across multiple exposure types, namely noninvolved (n = 392), witnessed (n = 577), experienced (n = 31), and experienced-witnessed violence (n = 305). Results demonstrate the contemporaneous, acute, enduring, and long-term effects of violence exposure on both violent and property offending, with varying durations and strengths across exposure types. The most pronounced risk effects are immediate, diminishing over time and potentially reversing in the long term as youth transition into adulthood. Among exposure types, experienced-witnessed violence exhibits the most potent effects on offending, followed by witnessed violence and then experienced violence-a pattern consistent across the observed time points. Noteworthy is the finding that the impact of violence exposure is more pronounced for violent offending, diminishing more rapidly compared to the effects on property offending.
摘要：
先前关于暴力暴露的研究缺乏对不同暴露类型对冒犯行为的因果影响的细致入微的理解。这项研究,利用抵抗途径研究(PDS)数据跟踪1354名14-18岁以上7岁的被判决青年，探索同期(横截面)，急性（一年后），持久（3年后），以及暴力暴露对财产和暴力犯罪的长期(6年后)因果关系。样本,以男性为主（86%），由白色（20％）组成，黑色（42%）和其他（38%）个人。广义倾向得分用于匹配多种暴露类型的不平衡协变量，即不涉及(n=392)，见证(n=577)，经验（n=31），和目睹过的暴力（n=305）。结果表明，同期，急性,持久,以及暴力暴露对暴力和财产犯罪的长期影响，不同暴露类型的持续时间和强度不同。最明显的风险影响是立竿见影的，随着时间的推移，随着青年过渡到成年，这种情况会逐渐减少，并有可能在长期内逆转。在暴露类型中，有经验的暴力对犯罪表现出最有效的影响，其次是目睹的暴力，然后经历了暴力-这种模式在观察到的时间点是一致的。值得注意的是，暴力暴露对暴力犯罪的影响更为明显，与对财产犯罪的影响相比，减少得更快。
