Abstract：
The late nineteenth and early twentieth century saw dramatic new developments in climatic medicine, particularly the institutionalisation of thinking about tropical hygiene. There were also more limited efforts to understand how hygiene theories should be applied in a polar environment. Studying the British National Antarctic Expedition (1901-1904), led by Robert Falcon Scott, helps us understand how these practices had both similarities and differences from applications of hygiene in other contexts. The expedition offers unique insights into debates about hygiene, environment, and health because of the important, and well documented, role that medics, naval officers and scientists played in organising logistical arrangements for the journey to Antarctica. In analysing the writings of expedition members and organisers, this paper examines the ways that the universal tools of hygiene theories were applied and developed in a polar environment. Many of the most acute threats seemed to come not from the outside environment but from the explorers\' supplies and equipment. There was general agreement on many issues. Yet the expedition\'s organisers, medics and leadership had numerous arguments about the best way to preserve or restore health. These disagreements were the product of both competing medical theories about the cause of disease and the importance of embodied (and somewhat subjective) observations in establishing the safety of foods, atmospheres and environments in this period.
摘要：
19世纪末和20世纪初，气候医学出现了戏剧性的新发展，特别是对热带卫生的制度化思考。了解如何在极地环境中应用卫生理论的努力也更加有限。研究英国国家南极考察（1901-1904），由罗伯特·法尔肯·斯科特领导,帮助我们了解这些做法与其他环境中的卫生应用有何异同。这次探险为有关卫生的辩论提供了独特的见解，环境,和健康，因为重要的是，并且有据可查,医务人员的角色，海军军官和科学家在组织前往南极洲的后勤安排方面发挥了作用。在分析探险队成员和组织者的著作时，本文研究了在极地环境中应用和发展卫生理论的通用工具的方式。许多最严重的威胁似乎不是来自外部环境，而是来自探险家的物资和设备。在许多问题上达成了普遍共识。然而探险队的组织者，医务人员和领导层对保持或恢复健康的最佳方法有许多争论。这些分歧是关于疾病原因的相互竞争的医学理论的产物，以及在建立食品安全方面的具体（和一些主观）观察的重要性。在此期间的大气和环境。
