PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Biomarkers are measured to evaluate physiological and pathological processes as well as responses to a therapeutic intervention. Biomarkers can be classified as diagnostic, prognostic, predictor, clinical, and therapeutic. In Alzheimer\'s disease (AD), multiple biomarkers have been reported so far. Nevertheless, finding a specific biomarker in AD remains a major challenge. Three databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were selected with the keywords of Alzheimer\'s disease, neuroimaging, biomarker, and blood. The results were finalized with 49 potential CSF/blood and 35 neuroimaging biomarkers. To distinguish normal from AD patients, amyloid-beta42 (Aβ42), plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light (NFL) as potential biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as well as the serum could be detected. Nevertheless, most of the biomarkers fairly change in the CSF during AD, listed as kallikrein 6, virus-like particles (VLP-1), galectin-3 (Gal-3), and synaptotagmin-1 (Syt-1). From the neuroimaging aspect, atrophy is an accepted biomarker for the neuropathologic progression of AD. In addition, Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), tractography (DTT), positron emission tomography (PET), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), can be used to detect AD. Using neuroimaging and CSF/blood biomarkers, in combination with artificial intelligence, it is possible to obtain information on prognosis and follow-up on the different stages of AD. Hence physicians could select the suitable therapy to attenuate disease symptoms and follow up on the efficiency of the prescribed drug.
摘要：
测量生物标志物以评估生理和病理过程以及对治疗干预的反应。生物标志物可以归类为诊断，预后，预测器，临床,和治疗。在阿尔茨海默病（AD）中，到目前为止，已经报道了多种生物标志物。然而，在AD中寻找特定的生物标志物仍然是一个重大挑战。三个数据库,包括PubMed,WebofScience,Scopus的关键词是阿尔茨海默病，神经影像学,生物标志物，还有血.结果最终确定了49个潜在的CSF/血液和35个神经影像学生物标志物。为了区分正常和AD患者，淀粉样蛋白-β42（Aβ42），血浆胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP），可以检测到脑脊液（CSF）和血清中的神经丝光（NFL）作为潜在的生物标志物。然而，大多数生物标志物在AD期间在CSF中相当变化，列为激肽释放酶6，病毒样颗粒（VLP-1），半乳糖凝集素-3（Gal-3），和突触蛋白-1（Syt-1）。从神经成像方面来看，萎缩是AD的神经病理学进展的公认生物标志物。此外,磁共振波谱(MRS),弥散加权成像(DWI),扩散张量成像(DTI),纤维束造影（DTT），正电子发射断层扫描（PET），和功能磁共振成像（fMRI），可以用来检测AD。使用神经影像学和CSF/血液生物标志物，结合人工智能，有可能获得有关AD不同分期的预后和随访信息。因此，医生可以选择合适的疗法来减轻疾病症状，并跟踪处方药的效率。
