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Abstract：
Tracheostomy is a life-saving procedure in which an opening is created in the anterior wall of the trachea. Different skin incision types are administered in tracheostomy procedures, predominantly vertical and horizontal. Various literature on the skin incision types in tracheostomy had contradictory findings, with different studies observing that one skin incision type had better outcomes than its counterpart. Hence the objective of this study was to compare the outcomes associated with vertical and horizontal skin incisions in patients undergoing tracheostomy. Method The present study assessed the outcome measures between the two incision types (vertical and horizontal) in tracheostomy. A prospective longitudinal study was done based on an academic tertiary hospital in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. Participants above 18 years who underwent tracheostomy were enrolled in the study and followed up over six months during intraoperative, immediate, within seven days, and long-term periods. Result In intraoperative complications, bleeding was most common (n = 15, 16.7%), followed by passage of tube into false tract (n = 6, 6.7%) and saturation drop (n = 2, 2.2%). Immediate complications comprised T-tube blockage (n = 4, 4.4%) and bleeding (n = 1, 1.1%). Complications within seven days occurred only in the horizontal group in which stomal site ulceration (n = 4, 6.7%) and delayed bleeding (n = 2, 3.3%) was seen, and one participant had unintended decannulation. In the long term, complications observed were stomal granulation (n = 9, 19.1%), dysphagia (n = 7, 14.9%), and unintended decannulation (n = 4, 8.5%). Conclusion In the current study, the most common intraoperative complication was bleeding, the immediate complication was tube dislodgement, and tracheostomy site ulcer was the most common complication within seven days, similar to the literature findings.
摘要：
气管造口术是一种挽救生命的程序，其中在气管的前壁中形成开口。在气管造口术中使用不同的皮肤切口类型，主要是垂直和水平。关于气管造口术中皮肤切口类型的各种文献有相互矛盾的发现，不同的研究观察到一种皮肤切口类型比另一种皮肤切口类型有更好的结局。因此，这项研究的目的是比较接受气管造口术的患者与垂直和水平皮肤切口相关的结果。方法本研究评估了气管造口术中两种切口类型（垂直和水平）之间的结局指标。一项前瞻性纵向研究是基于博帕尔的一家三级医院进行的，中央邦.18岁以上接受气管造口术的参与者被纳入研究，在术中随访6个月。立即,七天之内,和长期。结果在术中并发症,出血最为常见（n=15，16.7%），其次是通过管进入假道（n=6，6.7％）和饱和度下降（n=2，2.2％）。即时并发症包括T管堵塞（n=4，4.4％）和出血（n=1，1.1％）。7天内并发症仅发生在水平组中，其中造口部位溃疡（n=4，6.7％）和延迟出血（n=2，3.3％）。一名参与者意外拔管。从长远来看,观察到的并发症是造口肉芽（n=9，19.1%），吞咽困难（n=7，14.9%），和意外拔管（n=4，8.5%）。结论在目前的研究中,术中最常见的并发症是出血,直接的并发症是导管移位，气管切开部位溃疡是7天内最常见的并发症，与文献发现相似。
