PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
This systematic review aimed to compile the available body of knowledge about microbiome-related nutritional interventions contributing to improve the chicken health and having an impact on the reduction of colonization by foodborne pathogens in the gut. Original research articles published between 2012 and 2022 were systematically searched in Scopus and PubMed. A total of 1,948 articles were retrieved and 140 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Overall, 73 papers described 99 interventions against colonization by Escherichia coli and related organisms; 10 papers described 15 interventions against Campylobacter spp.; 36 papers described 54 interventions against Salmonella; 40 papers described 54 interventions against Clostridium perfringens. A total of 197 microbiome-related interventions were identified as effective against one or more of the listed pathogens and included probiotics (n = 80), prebiotics (n = 23), phytobiotics (n = 25), synbiotics (n = 12), organic acids (n = 12), enzymes (n = 4), essential oils (n = 14) and combination of these (n = 27). The identified interventions were mostly administered in the feed (173/197) or through oral gavage (11/197), in the drinking water (7/197), in ovo (2/197), intra amniotic (2/197), in fresh or reused litter (1/197) or both in the feed and water (1/197). The interventions enhanced the beneficial microbial communities in the broiler gut as Lactic acid bacteria, mostly Lactobacillus spp., or modulated multiple microbial populations. The mechanisms promoting the fighting against colonization by foodborne pathogens included competitive exclusion, production of short chain fatty acids, decrease of gut pH, restoration of the microbiome after dysbiosis events, promotion of a more stable microbial ecology, expression of genes improving the integrity of intestinal mucosa, enhancing of mucin production and improvement of host immune response. All the studies extracted from the literature described in vivo trials but performed on a limited number of animals under experimental settings. Moreover, they detailed the effect of the intervention on the chicken gut without details on further impact on poultry meat safety.
摘要：
本系统综述旨在汇编有关微生物组相关营养干预措施的现有知识体系，有助于改善鸡的健康，并对减少食源性病原体在肠道中的定植产生影响。在Scopus和PubMed中系统地搜索了2012年至2022年之间发表的原始研究文章。共检索到1,948篇文章，140篇符合纳入标准。总的来说,73篇论文描述了99种针对大肠杆菌和相关生物定植的干预措施；10篇论文描述了15种针对弯曲杆菌的干预措施。36篇论文描述了针对沙门氏菌的54种干预措施；40篇论文描述了针对产气荚膜梭菌的54种干预措施。总共有197个与微生物组相关的干预措施被确定为对一种或多种列出的病原体有效，包括益生菌（n=80）。益生元（n=23），植物生物（n=25），合生元（n=12），有机酸（n=12），酶（n=4），精油（n=14）和这些组合（n=27）。确定的干预措施主要是在饲料（173/197）或通过口服灌胃（11/197），在饮用水中（7/197），在ovo（2/197），羊膜腔内（2/197），新鲜或重复使用的垃圾(1/197)或饲料和水(1/197)。这些干预措施增强了肉仔鸡肠道中有益的微生物群落，如乳酸菌，主要是乳酸菌。,或调节多种微生物种群。促进防止食源性病原体定植的机制包括竞争性排斥，短链脂肪酸的生产，肠道pH值降低，菌群失调事件后微生物组的恢复，促进更稳定的微生物生态，改善肠粘膜完整性的基因表达，增强粘蛋白的产生和改善宿主的免疫应答。从文献中提取的所有研究都描述了体内试验，但在实验环境下对有限数量的动物进行了研究。此外，他们详细介绍了干预措施对鸡肠的影响，但没有详细说明对禽肉安全的进一步影响。
