Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Nurses face various ethical conflicts when taking care of patients, and such conflicts require moral courage. This systematic review was conducted with the aim of investigating moral courage and its related factors among nurses.
METHODS: To find related studies, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase and Science Direct databases were searched using keywords such as Courage, Moral Courage, and Nurses, and no lower time limit was imposed when conducting the searches. The identified studies were published between January 2000 and March 2023. Quality of articles was assessed using the STROBE checklist.
RESULTS: The pooled sample size for the 19 included studies was 7863. All studies were observational and cross-sectional. The results showed that three categories of factors most related to moral courage are individual, moral, and factors related to the organization. Underlying factors of each category are also provided within this paper.
CONCLUSIONS: Moral courage is an integral part of nursing, which as a profession, is becoming even more challenging with the advancement of science and technology. Therefore, there is a need for nurses and especially nursing managers to be considerate of factors affecting moral courage of nurses, with a view to strengthening the positive factors and reducing the negative impacts.
METHODS: To find related studies, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase and Science Direct databases were searched using keywords such as Courage, Moral Courage, and Nurses, and no lower time limit was imposed when conducting the searches. The identified studies were published between January 2000 and March 2023. Quality of articles was assessed using the STROBE checklist.
RESULTS: The pooled sample size for the 19 included studies was 7863. All studies were observational and cross-sectional. The results showed that three categories of factors most related to moral courage are individual, moral, and factors related to the organization. Underlying factors of each category are also provided within this paper.
CONCLUSIONS: Moral courage is an integral part of nursing, which as a profession, is becoming even more challenging with the advancement of science and technology. Therefore, there is a need for nurses and especially nursing managers to be considerate of factors affecting moral courage of nurses, with a view to strengthening the positive factors and reducing the negative impacts.
摘要：
背景：护士在照顾患者时面临各种道德冲突，这种冲突需要道德勇气。本系统评价旨在调查护士的道德勇气及其相关因素。
方法：为了找到相关的研究，遵循系统审查和荟萃分析（PRISMA）指南的首选报告项目。PubMed,WebofScience,谷歌学者，Scopus,使用Courage等关键字搜索Embase和ScienceDirect数据库，道德勇气,还有护士,并且在进行搜索时没有施加较低的时间限制。已确定的研究发表于2000年1月至2023年3月之间。使用STROBE检查表评估文章的质量。
结果：19项纳入研究的合并样本量为7863。所有研究均为观察性和横断面研究。结果表明，与道德勇气最相关的三类因素是个体，道德,以及与组织相关的因素。本文还提供了每个类别的基本因素。
结论：道德勇气是护理不可或缺的一部分，作为一种职业，随着科学技术的进步，挑战越来越大。因此,护士，特别是护理管理者需要考虑影响护士道德勇气的因素，以加强积极因素，减少负面影响。
方法：为了找到相关的研究，遵循系统审查和荟萃分析（PRISMA）指南的首选报告项目。PubMed,WebofScience,谷歌学者，Scopus,使用Courage等关键字搜索Embase和ScienceDirect数据库，道德勇气,还有护士,并且在进行搜索时没有施加较低的时间限制。已确定的研究发表于2000年1月至2023年3月之间。使用STROBE检查表评估文章的质量。
结果：19项纳入研究的合并样本量为7863。所有研究均为观察性和横断面研究。结果表明，与道德勇气最相关的三类因素是个体，道德,以及与组织相关的因素。本文还提供了每个类别的基本因素。
结论：道德勇气是护理不可或缺的一部分，作为一种职业，随着科学技术的进步，挑战越来越大。因此,护士，特别是护理管理者需要考虑影响护士道德勇气的因素，以加强积极因素，减少负面影响。
