Abstract:
Global-scale crop contamination with environmental estrogens has posed a huge risk to agri-food safety and human health. Laccase is regarded as an unexceptionable biocatalyst for regulating pollution and expediting humification, but the knowledge of estrogen bioremediation and C storage strengthened by laccase-driven rhizosphere humification (LDRH) remains largely unknown. Herein, a greenhouse microcosm was performed to explore the migration and fate of 17β-estradiol (E2) in water-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) matrices by LDRH. Compared to the non-added laccase, the pseudo-first-order decay rate constants of E2 in the rhizosphere solution after 10 and 50 μM exposures by LDRH increased from 0.03 and 0.02 h-1 to 0.36 and 0.09 h-1, respectively. Furthermore, LDRH conferred higher yield, polymerizability, O-containing groups, and functional-C signals in the humified precipitates, because it accelerated the formation of highly complex precipitates by radical-controlled continuous polymerization. In particular, not only did LDRH mitigate the phytotoxicity of E2, but it also diminished the metabolic load of E2 in wheat tissues. This was attributed to the rapid attenuation of E2 in the rhizosphere solution during LDRH, which limited E2 uptake and accumulation in each subcellular fraction of the wheat roots and shoots. Although several typical intermediate products such as estrone, estriol, and E2 oligomers were detected in roots, only small-molecule species were found in shoots, evidencing that the polymeric products of E2 were unable to be translocated acropetally due to the vast hydrophobicity and biounavailability. For the first time, our study highlights a novel, eco-friendly, and sustainable candidate for increasing the low-C treatment of organics in rhizosphere microenvironments and alleviating the potential risks of estrogenic contaminants in agroenvironments.
摘要:
全球范围的作物环境雌激素污染对农业食品安全和人类健康构成了巨大风险。漆酶被认为是调节污染和加速腐殖质的不可忽视的生物催化剂,但是,通过漆酶驱动的根际腐殖法(LDRH)增强的雌激素生物修复和C存储知识仍然未知。在这里,通过LDRH进行了温室微观世界,以探索水小麦(TriticumaestivumL.)基质中17β-雌二醇(E2)的迁移和命运。与未添加漆酶相比,LDRH暴露10和50μM后,根际溶液中E2的伪一级衰减速率常数分别从0.03和0.02h-1增加到0.36和0.09h-1。此外,LDRH带来了更高的产量,可聚合性,含O基团,和功能C信号在腐殖化的沉淀物中,因为它通过自由基控制的连续聚合加速了高度复杂的沉淀物的形成。特别是,LDRH不仅减轻了E2的植物毒性,而且降低了E2在小麦组织中的代谢负荷。这归因于LDRH期间根际溶液中E2的快速衰减,限制了E2在小麦根和芽的每个亚细胞部分中的吸收和积累。虽然几种典型的中间产品如雌酮,雌三醇,在根中检测到E2寡聚体,在芽中只发现了小分子物种,证明E2的聚合物产物由于巨大的疏水性和生物可用性而无法在非正常情况下易位。第一次,我们的研究突出了一部小说,环保,和可持续的候选物,用于增加根际微环境中有机物的低碳处理,并减轻农业环境中雌激素污染物的潜在风险。