Abstract：
Currently the socioeconomic gradient of obesity it is not well understood in the urban population in Latin American. This study reviewed the literature assessing associations between pre-obesity, obesity, and socioeconomic position (SEP) in adults living in urban areas in Latin American countries. PubMed and SciELO databases were used. Data extraction was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We extracted data on the association between SEP (e.g., education, income), pre-obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 and < 30 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Relative differences between low and high SEP groups were assessed and defined a priori as significant at p < 0.05. Thirty-one studies met our inclusion criteria and most were conducted in Brazil and Mexico (22 and 3 studies, respectively). One study presented nonsignificant associations. Forty-seven percent of associations between education or income and pre-obesity were negative. Regarding obesity, 80 percent were negative and 20 percent positive. Most negative associations were found in women while in men they varied depending on the indicator used. Pre-obesity and obesity by SEP did not follow the same pattern, revealing a reversal of the obesity social gradient by SEP, especially for women in Latin America, highlighting the need for articulated policies that target structural and agentic interventions.
摘要：
目前，肥胖的社会经济梯度在拉丁美洲的城市人口中还没有得到很好的理解。这项研究回顾了评估肥胖前，肥胖，生活在拉美国家城市地区的成年人的社会经济地位(SEP)。使用PubMed和SciELO数据库。使用系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行数据提取。我们提取了SEP之间关联的数据(例如，教育,income),肥胖前（体重指数[BMI]≥25且<30kg/m2）和肥胖（BMI≥30kg/m2）。评估低SEP组和高SEP组之间的相对差异,并先验地定义为在p<0.05时显著。31项研究符合我们的纳入标准，大多数在巴西和墨西哥进行（22项和3项研究，分别)。一项研究提出了不重要的关联。教育或收入与肥胖前之间的关联中有47％是负面的。关于肥胖，80%为阴性，20%为阳性。大多数负面关联是在女性中发现的，而在男性中，它们根据所使用的指标而有所不同。SEP的肥胖前和肥胖没有遵循相同的模式，SEP揭示了肥胖社会梯度的逆转，尤其是拉丁美洲的女性，强调需要制定针对结构性和机构干预的明确政策。
