PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: With the depletion of wild Astragali Radix (WA) resources, imitated-wild Astragali Radix (IWA) and cultivated Astragali Radix (CA) have become the main products of Astragali Radix. However, the quality differences of three growth patterns (WA, IWA, CA) and different growth years of Astragali Radix have not been fully characterized, leading to a lack of necessary scientific evidence for their use as substitutes for WA.
UNASSIGNED: We innovatively proposed a multidimensional evaluation method that encompassed traits, microstructure, cell wall components, saccharides, and pharmacodynamic compounds, to comprehensively explain the quality variances among different growth patterns and years of Astragali Radix.
UNASSIGNED: Our study showed that the quality of IWA and WA was comparatively similar, including evaluation indicators such as apparent color, sectional structure and odor, thickness of phellem, diameter and number of vessels, morphology of phloem and xylem, and the levels and ratios of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, sucrose, starch, water-soluble polysaccharides, total-saponins. However, the content of sucrose, starch and sorbose in CA was significantly higher than WA, and the diameter and number of vessels, total-flavonoids content were lower than WA, indicating significant quality differences between CA and WA. Hence, we suggest that IWA should be used as a substitute for WA instead of CA. As for the planting years of IWA, our results indicated that IWA aged 1-32 years could be divided into three stages according to their quality change: rapid growth period (1-5 years), stable growth period (6-20 years), and elderly growth period (25-32 years). Among these, 6-20 years old IWA exhibited consistent multidimensional comparative results, showcasing elevated levels of key active components such as water-soluble polysaccharides, flavonoids, and saponins. Considering both the quality and cultivation expenses of IWA, we recommend a cultivation duration of 6-8 years for growers. In conclusion, we established a novel multidimensional evaluation method to systematically characterize the quality of Astragali Radix, and provided a new scientific perspective for the artificial cultivation and quality assurance of Astragali Radix.
UNASSIGNED: We innovatively proposed a multidimensional evaluation method that encompassed traits, microstructure, cell wall components, saccharides, and pharmacodynamic compounds, to comprehensively explain the quality variances among different growth patterns and years of Astragali Radix.
UNASSIGNED: Our study showed that the quality of IWA and WA was comparatively similar, including evaluation indicators such as apparent color, sectional structure and odor, thickness of phellem, diameter and number of vessels, morphology of phloem and xylem, and the levels and ratios of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, sucrose, starch, water-soluble polysaccharides, total-saponins. However, the content of sucrose, starch and sorbose in CA was significantly higher than WA, and the diameter and number of vessels, total-flavonoids content were lower than WA, indicating significant quality differences between CA and WA. Hence, we suggest that IWA should be used as a substitute for WA instead of CA. As for the planting years of IWA, our results indicated that IWA aged 1-32 years could be divided into three stages according to their quality change: rapid growth period (1-5 years), stable growth period (6-20 years), and elderly growth period (25-32 years). Among these, 6-20 years old IWA exhibited consistent multidimensional comparative results, showcasing elevated levels of key active components such as water-soluble polysaccharides, flavonoids, and saponins. Considering both the quality and cultivation expenses of IWA, we recommend a cultivation duration of 6-8 years for growers. In conclusion, we established a novel multidimensional evaluation method to systematically characterize the quality of Astragali Radix, and provided a new scientific perspective for the artificial cultivation and quality assurance of Astragali Radix.
摘要：
■随着野生黄芪（WA）资源的枯竭，仿野生黄芪（IWA）和栽培黄芪（CA）已成为黄芪的主要产品。然而,三种生长方式的质量差异(WA，IWA,CA)和不同生长年限的黄芪尚未得到充分表征，导致缺乏必要的科学证据来代替WA。
■我们创新性地提出了一种包含性状的多维评价方法，微观结构，细胞壁成分，糖类，和药效学化合物，全面解释黄芪不同生长方式和不同年份的品质差异。
■我们的研究表明，IWA和WA的质量相对相似，包括表观颜色等评价指标，截面结构和气味，Phellem的厚度，血管的直径和数量，韧皮部和木质部的形态，以及纤维素的含量和比例，半纤维素,木质素,蔗糖,淀粉，水溶性多糖，总皂苷。然而,蔗糖的含量，淀粉和山梨糖在CA中显著高于WA,血管的直径和数量，总黄酮含量低于WA，表明CA和WA之间存在显著的质量差异。因此，我们建议使用IWA代替CA代替WA。至于IWA的种植年份，我们的结果表明，1-32岁的IWA可以根据其质量变化分为三个阶段：快速生长期（1-5年），稳定生长期（6-20年），和老年生长期（25-32岁）。其中,6-20岁的IWA表现出一致的多维比较结果，展示了水溶性多糖等关键活性成分的高水平，黄酮类化合物，和皂苷。考虑到IWA的质量和种植费用，我们建议种植者的种植期限为6-8年。总之,我们建立了一种新的多维评价方法来系统地表征黄芪的质量，为黄芪的人工栽培和质量保证提供了新的科学视角。
■我们创新性地提出了一种包含性状的多维评价方法，微观结构，细胞壁成分，糖类，和药效学化合物，全面解释黄芪不同生长方式和不同年份的品质差异。
■我们的研究表明，IWA和WA的质量相对相似，包括表观颜色等评价指标，截面结构和气味，Phellem的厚度，血管的直径和数量，韧皮部和木质部的形态，以及纤维素的含量和比例，半纤维素,木质素,蔗糖,淀粉，水溶性多糖，总皂苷。然而,蔗糖的含量，淀粉和山梨糖在CA中显著高于WA,血管的直径和数量，总黄酮含量低于WA，表明CA和WA之间存在显著的质量差异。因此，我们建议使用IWA代替CA代替WA。至于IWA的种植年份，我们的结果表明，1-32岁的IWA可以根据其质量变化分为三个阶段：快速生长期（1-5年），稳定生长期（6-20年），和老年生长期（25-32岁）。其中,6-20岁的IWA表现出一致的多维比较结果，展示了水溶性多糖等关键活性成分的高水平，黄酮类化合物，和皂苷。考虑到IWA的质量和种植费用，我们建议种植者的种植期限为6-8年。总之,我们建立了一种新的多维评价方法来系统地表征黄芪的质量，为黄芪的人工栽培和质量保证提供了新的科学视角。
