Abstract：
Biodiversity underpins the functioning of ecosystems and the diverse benefits that nature provides to people, yet is being lost at an unprecedented rate. To halt or reverse biodiversity loss, it is critical to understand the complex interdependencies between biodiversity and key drivers and sectors to inform the development of holistic policies and actions. We conducted a literature review on the interlinkages between biodiversity and climate change, food, water, energy, transport and health (\"the biodiversity nexus\"). Evidence extracted from 194 peer-reviewed articles was analysed to assess how biodiversity is being influenced by and is influencing the other nexus elements. Out of the 354 interlinkages between biodiversity and the other nexus elements, 53 % were negative, 29 % were positive and 18 % contained both positive and negative influences. The majority of studies provide evidence of the negative influence of other nexus elements on biodiversity, highlighting the substantial damage being inflicted on nature from human activities. The main types of negative impacts were land or water use/change, land or water degradation, climate change, and direct species fatalities through collisions with infrastructure. Alternatively, evidence of biodiversity having a negative influence on the other nexus elements was limited to the effects of invasive alien species and vector-borne diseases. Furthermore, a range of studies provided evidence of how biodiversity and the other nexus elements can have positive influences on each other through practices that promote co-benefits. These included biodiversity-friendly management in relevant sectors, protection and restoration of ecosystems and species that provide essential ecosystem services, green and blue infrastructure including nature-based solutions, and sustainable and healthy diets that mitigate climate change. The review highlighted the complexity and context-dependency of interlinkages within the biodiversity nexus, but clearly demonstrates the importance of biodiversity in underpinning resilient ecosystems and human well-being in ensuring a sustainable future for people and the planet.
摘要：
生物多样性支撑着生态系统的运作和大自然为人类提供的各种利益，然而正在以前所未有的速度失去。阻止或扭转生物多样性丧失，了解生物多样性与关键驱动因素和部门之间复杂的相互依赖关系对于制定整体政策和行动至关重要。我们对生物多样性与气候变化之间的相互联系进行了文献综述，食物,水,能源,运输与健康(“生物多样性关系”)。分析了从194篇同行评审文章中提取的证据，以评估生物多样性如何受到其他联系要素的影响和影响。在生物多样性和其他联系要素之间的354个相互联系中，53%为阴性，29％为阳性，18％包含正面和负面影响。大多数研究提供了其他联系元素对生物多样性的负面影响的证据，强调人类活动对自然造成的重大损害。负面影响的主要类型是土地或水的使用/变化，土地或水退化，气候变化,并通过与基础设施的碰撞直接导致物种死亡。或者，生物多样性对其他联系要素有负面影响的证据仅限于外来入侵物种和媒介传播疾病的影响。此外，一系列研究提供了证据，证明生物多样性和其他联系要素如何通过促进共同利益的做法相互产生积极影响。其中包括相关部门的生物多样性友好型管理，保护和恢复提供基本生态系统服务的生态系统和物种，绿色和蓝色基础设施，包括基于自然的解决方案，以及缓解气候变化的可持续健康饮食。审查强调了生物多样性关系中相互联系的复杂性和背景依赖性，但清楚地表明，生物多样性在支撑有弹性的生态系统和人类福祉方面的重要性，以确保人类和地球的可持续未来。
